structure and function of the skeletal system Flashcards
whats a synovial joint
freely moveable joint, capable of a wide ROM as appose to cartilaginous (limited movement) and fixed joints (no movement)
whats a hinge joint with example
allow movement in one plane only e.g. knee (tibia and femur) and in the elbow (humerus, radius and ulna)
whats a ball and socket joint (with example)
provide a wide ROM in multiple planes, e.g. shoulder (humerus and scapula) and hip (pelvis and femur)
what type of movement is available at a hinge joint (2) with examples
flexion (decrease in angle at the joint)
knee = preparing to strike a football
elbow = preparing to shoot a basketball
extension(increase of angle at the joint)
knee = taking off high jump
elbow = striking volleyball
types of movement available at ball and socket joint (6)
flexion
shoulder = moving arm up and forwards, throwing a ball
extension
hip = moving the thigh down and back, taking off long jump
rotation (bone turns about its longitudinal axis)
shoulder (topspin forehand shot)
abduction (movement away from midline of the body)
hip (side split gymnastics)
adduction (movement of the limb towards the body)
leg (breaststroke kick)
circumduction (circular movement of a limb)
leg = high kick in taekwondo
whats a ligament
connects bone to bone - hold bone together at joints
whats cartilage
provides shock absorption, preventing wear and tear. lines the end of our bones
what are tendons
bands of tough material connecting muscle to bone, allowing movement
what are the functions of the skeletal system
protection, muscle attachment, joints, storage of minerals, blood cell production, supourting body weight
how does the skeletal system provide protection, with examples
protects the soft tissue and vital organs.
E.g cranium protects the brain, ribs protects lungs, vertebrae protects the lungs
how does the skeletal system provide muscle attachment
tendon insertion connecting muscle to bone, the tendon anchors the bone
how does the skeletal system provide joints for movement
articulations around the body where bones meet to provide movement
how does the skeletal system provide the storage of minerals
the bones store calcium which is a mineral which provides strong and healthy bones
the bones also provide phosphorus which reduces muscle pain
how does the skeletal system produce blood cells
red and white blood cell production in the bone marrow. Also produce platelets
how does the skeletal system provide support
the skeletal system withholds the body’s weight and provides posture
what are the 4 types of bones
long bones, short bones,flat bones and irregular bones
what are long bones, with examples
bones which are longer than they are wide
e.g tibia, fibia, humerus, ulna, radius, femur etc.
what are the functions of the long bones
good muscle attachment, important for movement and provide blood cell production
what are the short bones, with examples
bones which are as wide as long
patella and some of the carpals
what are the functions of the short bones
provide support and good stability, weight baring bones
what are the flat bones, with examples and functions
the bones which protect the organs and soft tissue,
pelvis, cranium, ribs
main function is to protect
what are the irregular bones, with examples and functions
bones such as the vertabrae
