structure and function of respiratory system

Question 1

summarise pathway of air

Answer 1

enters nasal passage past the pharynx (food pipe) which closes, through the larynx, through the trachea (wind pipe), into left and right bronchi (lung pipes) to the bronchioles which distribute air throughout lungs) into the the alevoli (air sacs)

Question 2

what are alveoli and what do they do

Answer 2

they are the site of gaseous exchange which are one cell thick and surrounded by a network of capillaries

Question 3

describe the movement of oxygen in the lungs

Answer 3

oxygen moves from the alveoli (high conc.) into the blood (low conc.) to transport round body

Question 4

describe movement of co2 in lungs

Answer 4

co2 moves from the blood (high conc.) into the lungs (low conc.) to be breathed out

Question 5

what are the respiratory muscles

Answer 5

the diaphragm and the intercoastal muscles

Question 6

what happens during inspiration (breathing in)

Answer 6

respiratory muscles contract making the diaphragm flatten and rib cage expands, lung volume increases lung air pressure falls and air flows into lungs

Question 7

what happens during expiration ( breathing out)

Answer 7

respiratory muscles relax making the diaphragm raise and rib cage falls, lung volume decreases lung air pressure raises and air flows out of lungs

Question 8

whats breathing rate

Answer 8

number of breaths per minute

Question 9

whats tidal volume

Answer 9

volume of air inhaled or exhaled per breath

Question 10

whats minute ventilation

Answer 10

volume of air inhaled or exhaled per minute

Question 11

calculation for minute ventilation

Answer 11

tidal volume x breathing rate