Structure and Function of Arteries, Capillaries and Veins

Question 1

Name the blood vessels that carry
blood away from the heart

Answer 1

Arteries

Question 2

What do capillaries do

Answer 2

allow exchange of materials between the
blood and tissues

Question 3

Name the blood vessels that carry
blood back in to the heart

Answer 3

veins

Question 4

Describe the pathway of blood
through vessels from the heart back
to the heart

Answer 4

Arteries > Capillaries > Veins

Question 5

Describe the change in the blood
pressure as it moves away from the
heart

Answer 5

increases

Question 6

Name the channel in each blood
vessel and state the name of the
tissue which lines this

Answer 6

Lumen
lined with endothelial cells

Question 7

Describe the composition of
arteries, beginning with the lumen
moving outwards

Answer 7

Endothelial lining
thick middle layer of muscle and elastic fibres
outer layer of connective tissue
elastic fibres

Question 8

Why do the elastic walls of the
arteries stretch and recoil?

Answer 8

To accommodate the surge of blood
after each contraction of the heart

Question 9

Term used when smooth muscle in
arteries contract

Answer 9

Vasoconstriction

Question 10

The term used when smooth muscle
in arteries relax

Answer 10

Vasodilation

Question 11

Explain the purpose of
vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Answer 11

Allows for blood flow to be
controlled

Question 12

Which feature of a capillary allows
exchange of substances with tissues?

Answer 12

Thin walls

Question 13

Describe the composition of veins,
beginning from the lumen working
outwards

Answer 13

Endothelial lining,
thin middle layer of muscle
outer layer of connective tissue and elastic fibres

Question 14

State the purpose of valves in vein

Answer 14

Prevent backflow of blood

Question 15

The process which causes plasma to
pass through capillary walls into
Tissues

Answer 15

Pressure filtration

Question 16

Give examples of substances which
diffuse from tissue fluid into cells

Answer 16

Glucose, oxygen, amino acids, other
small molecular molecules

Question 17

Give examples of substances that
diffuse out of cells into tissue fluid
and then return to the blood

Answer 17

CO2 and waste

Question 18

What happens to most of the
tissue fluid?

Answer 18

It returns to the blood

Question 19

What happens to excess tissue
fluid?

Answer 19

Absorbed by lymphatic vessels and
returned as lymph to the circulatory
system

Question 20

State how tissue fluid and blood
plasma differ in composition

Answer 20

plasma proteins are too large to be filtered
through capillary walls so aren’t found in tissue fluid