Gene Expression Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 2 stages involved in gene
expression of DNA sequences

A

Transcription and Translation

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2
Q

How many strands make up RNA?

A

1

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3
Q

Describe the complementary base
pairing in RNA

A

Guanine pairs with Cytosine
Adenine pairs with Uracil

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4
Q

Name the components that make up
an RNA nucleotide

A

Ribose sugar, phosphate and a base

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5
Q

Name the 3 types of RNA

A

mRNA, tRNA and rRNA

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6
Q

The name given to three bases on a
DNA molecule

A

Triplet

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7
Q

The function of mRNA

A

Carries a copy of DNA from the
nucleus to the ribosome

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8
Q

Which molecule carries a
specific amino acid to the ribosome?

A

tRNA

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9
Q

The name for a triplet of bases on
an mRNA molecule that codes for a
specific amino acid

A

codon

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10
Q

What causes tRNA to fold?

A

complimentary base pairing

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11
Q

Name the 2 areas on a tRNA
molecule

A

Anticodon and an attachment site
for an amino acid

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12
Q

Name for a triplet of bases on
tRNA

A

anticodon

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13
Q

Name the 2 structures that form
the ribosome

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein

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14
Q

Describe the function of RNA
polymerase

A

Unwinds DNA double helix and
breaks hydrogen bonds between
base pairs to separate strands

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15
Q

What forms when complementary
base pairing occurs between free
RNA nucleotides and the open
template strand?

A

Primary Transcript

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16
Q

The name for non-coding regions on a
primary transcript of mRNA

A

introns

17
Q

The name for coding regions on a
primary transcript of mRNA

A

exons

18
Q

What process leads to the
formation of a mature transcript?

A

RNA splicing

19
Q

Describe what occurs during RNA
splicing

A

Introns are removed and exons
are joined together

20
Q

Where does translation begin and
end?

A

at start and stop codons

21
Q

How do anticodons on tRNA bond to
codons on mRNA?

A

complimentary base pairing

22
Q

The purpose of translation

A

To convert the DNA genetic code
into a sequence of amino acids
forming a polypeptide

23
Q

The bonds that join amino acids
together

A

peptide

24
Q

Structure formed when amino acids
are joined by peptide bonds

A

polypeptide

25
Q

What happens to the tRNA as a
polypeptide is formed?

A

It leaves the ribosome to pick up
another amino acid

26
Q

How can different proteins be
expressed from one gene?

A

Alternative RNA splicing

27
Q

How can different mature mRNA
transcripts be produced from the
same primary transcript?

A

Different exons are retained

28
Q

How is the 3D shape of a protein
formed?

A

Polypeptide chains formed during
translation fold

29
Q

How are proteins held together?

A

Hydrogen bonds and individual
interactions between individual
amino acids

30
Q

What does the shape of a
protein determine?

A

the function

31
Q

How is phenotype determined?

A

By proteins produced through gene
expression

32
Q

Requirements of PCR

A

Original DNA sample
Primers
DNA polymerase
nucleotides

33
Q

Requirements of DNA replication

A

Original DNA template
nucleotides
enzymes (DNA Polymerase and DNA Ligase)
ATP
Primers

34
Q

What is Transcription?

A

when mRNA is converted from DNA creating a primary transcript in the nucleus

35
Q

What is translation

A

When mRNA information is converted into a polypeptide at the ribosomes