Memory Flashcards
State the processes involved in
creating memory
Encoding
storage
retrieval of information (which can include past experiences, knowledge and thoughts)
What happens to information
entering the brain?
It passes through sensory memory
Describe what happens to
information that enters the brain
after a few seconds
It enters the short-term memory
(STM) and is either transferred to the
long-term memory or is discarded
Which types of information are retained in the sensory memory for a
few seconds?
Auditory and visual
Describe the capacity of the short-
term memory
Limited capacity, holding information only
for a short time
Name two techniques that can be
used to improve the capacity of
the STM
chunking and rehersal
Give two reasons why information can
be lost from the STM
displacement
decay
State the position(s) of information
in any given list of items that is best
recalled
beginning
end
Explain why items at the start and
end of a list are better
recalled
Items at the beginning are recalled due
to rehearsal and items at the end have
not yet been displaced
Explain why items in the middle of
a list are harder to recall
They get displaced by items later on
the list
State the name given to the
recall of items on a list being
different dependent upon where they
are placed on the list
The serial position effect
What is working memory
When the STM can process information and store it to allow it to perform simple cognitive tasks
Describe the capacity of the long
term memory
Unlimited capacity and holds information for a long time
Give 3 ways information can be
transferred from the STM to the
LTM
Rehearsal,
organisation
elaboration of meaning
Suggest why rehearsal aids the
transfer of information from the
STM to the LTM
Repetition is a shallow form of encoding
into the LTM
