Cells of the Nervous System and Neurotransmitters at Synapses Flashcards
Name three structural components
of a neurone
Dendrites, cell body and axon
State the function of the
dendrite
Receive electrical impulses, either excitatory or inhibitory
State the function of the cell
body
The cell body contains the nucleus
and connects the dendrites and the
axon
State the function of the
axon
An axon carries electrical impulses
away from a cell body towards another dendrite/muscle fiber
State the pathway of an
electrical impulse through a neuron
Dendrite cell body axon
Name the structure surrounding an
axon and explain its function
A myelin sheath insulates the axon and
increases the speed of impulse conduction
Give the name of the cells that
produce the myelin sheath and
support neurons
Glial cells
At what stage does myelination occur in the body?
From birth to adolescence
Explain why responses in the first two years of life are not as rapid or coordinated as those of an older child or
adult
Myelination is incomplete, reducing the
speed of impulse conduction
Suggest an effect of diseases
that destroy the myelin sheath
The individual may experience a loss
of co-ordination
State the name given to the area
where neurons connect with other
neurones or muscle fibres
The synapse/synaptic cleft
Name the chemicals that cross
synapses
Neurotransmitters
State the function of
neurotransmitters
They relay impulses across the synapse
Describe the role of neurotransmitters on the arrival of an impulse
They are released from vesicles into the
a synaptic cleft on the arrival of an impulse
By which process do
neurotransmitters cross a
synapse?
diffusion