Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Respiration consists of these three
stages

Answer 1

Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain

Question 2

Location of glycolysis

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

Location of the citric acid cycle

Answer 3

The matrix of the mitochondrion

Question 4

Location of the electron transport
chain

Answer 4

The inner membrane of the
mitochondrion

Question 5

Examples of cellular processes that
require energy

Answer 5

Protein synthesis,
muscle contraction,
mitosis,
transmission of nerve impulses
anabolic reactions,
active transport,

Question 6

Describe what occurs during
glycolysis

Answer 6

The breakdown of glucose to 2
molecules of pyruvate

Question 7

Name the two phases of glycolysis

Answer 7

Energy investment phase and
energy pay-off phase

Question 8

Why is ATP required during the
energy investment phase?

Answer 8

For the phosphorylation of
glucose and intermediates

Question 9

What is meant by the term
phosphorylation?

Answer 9

Where P(i) (phosphate) is removed
from ATP and added to another
substance (e.g. ADP)

Question 10

Describe what occurs during the energy pay-off phase

Answer 10

The generation of more ATP during
the energy pay-off stage, resulting in a net (overall) gain of ATP

Question 11

What is meant by the ‘net gain’ of
ATP during glycolysis?

Answer 11

2 ATP are used, however, 4 ATP
are produced—overall 2 ATP are
produced

Question 12

Name the type of enzymes that
remove hydrogen ions and electrons

Answer 12

Dehydrogenase enzymes

Question 13

What happens to hydrogen ions and
electrons when they have been
removed by dehydrogenase enzymes
during glycolysis?

Answer 13

They are passed to coenzyme
NAD to form NADH

Question 14

What happens to the hydrogen ions
and electrons from NADH?

Answer 14

They are passed to the electron
transport chain

Question 15

What gas is required for aerobic
respiration to occur?

Answer 15

Oxygen

Question 16

What is pyruvate broken down to
during aerobic respiration?

Answer 16

An acetyl group

Question 17

During aerobic respiration, what
does the acetyl group combine with?

Answer 17

Coenzyme A

Question 18

Name the product formed when the
acetyl group joins with coenzyme A

Answer 18

Acetyl coenzyme A (Acetyl CoA)

Question 19

What happens to acetyl CoA during
the citric acid cycle?

Answer 19

It combines with citrateto form oxaloacetate

Question 20

Name the 3 substances produced
when citrate breaks down to form
oxaloacetate

Answer 20

CO2, ATP, and NADH

Question 21

Name the substances that control
the reactions in the citric acid
cycle?

Answer 21

Enzymes

Question 22

What is the electron transport
chain?

Answer 22

A series of carrier proteins
attached to the inner mitochondrial
membrane

Question 23

What happens when electrons are
passed along the electron transport
chain?

Answer 23

They release energy

Question 24

The energy produced during the electron transport chain allows for…?

Answer 24

Hydrogen ions to be pumped across
the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 25

Name the membrane protein which brings about ATP production in the electron transport chain

Answer 25

ATP synthase

Question 26

Name the final hydrogen acceptor in aerobic respiration

Answer 26

Oxygen

Question 27

What happens to the hydrogen ions and electrons when they combine with oxygen during respiration?

Answer 27

They form water

Question 28

Deficiency of this element occurs during vigorous exercise

Answer 28

Oxygen

Question 29

In the absence of oxygen, what does pyruvate convert to in muscle cells?

Answer 29

Lactate

Question 30

How is lactate produced in muscle cells?

Answer 30

The hydrogen from the NADH (produced during glycolysis) is transferred to pyruvate