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Dermatology > Structure and function > Flashcards

Structure and function Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What cells compose the epidermis?

A
  • Epithelial cells

- Stratified cellular epithelium

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2
Q

Where is the dermis found?

A
  • Beneath the epidermis

- connective tissue

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3
Q

What is the subcutaneous fat involved in?

A
  • thermoregulation
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4
Q

What do melanocytes produce?

A
  • Melanin

- pigment producing

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5
Q

Describe Blaschko’s lines?

A
  • Development growth pattern of skin, not following neves or vessels
  • follows the dermatome map, genetic error?
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6
Q

Name some appendages?

A
  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Glands
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7
Q

How many layers think is the basal layer?

A
  • usually 1 cell thick

- cuboidal

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8
Q

Explain the prickle cell layer

A
  • found in the epidermis
  • keratin producing
  • lots of desmosomes
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9
Q

Explain the granular layer

A
  • 2 or 3 layers of flatter cells
  • high lipid content
  • cell nuclei lost
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10
Q

What is found in the keratin layer?

A
  • Corneocytes (differentiated keratinocytes)

- regularly replaced

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11
Q

What are keratinocytes and where are they found

A
  • form tight junctions with the nerves of the skin, hold everything together
  • 90% of epidermal cells
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12
Q

What is the name given to the immune cell associated with the skin?

A
  • Langerhans cells
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13
Q

What do merkel cells detect?

A
  • Detect pressure changes

- mechanoreceptors

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14
Q

Where are merkel cells found?

A
  • basal layer

- between keratinocytes and nerve fibres

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15
Q

Merkel cell cancer is associated with what type of infection?

A
  • viral infection
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16
Q

Nelson’s syndrome?

A
  • melanin stimulating hormone produced in excess by pituitary
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17
Q

What are the name of the muscle associated with the hair follicles?

A
  • arrector pili muscle

- smooth muscle fibres

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18
Q

What type of gland secretes into the hair follicle?

A
  • sebaceous gland

- produces sebum

19
Q

What are the 3 phases of hair growth

A
  • anagen (growing)
  • catagen (involuting)
  • telogen (resting)
20
Q

Explain telogen effluvium

A
  • most common cause of hair loss

- seen in pregnancy due to hormone changes

21
Q

What is the dermo-epidermal junction and its role?

A
  • interface between epidermis and dermis

- role: support, adhesion and to act as a semi-permeable membrane

22
Q

What is found in abundance in the dermo-epidermal junction?

A
  • collagen
23
Q

What is seen when there is a spilt in the dermo-epidermal junction?

A
  • blisters
24
Q

Onion rings on histology?

A
  • pacinian (pressure nerves)
25
Q

When you brush your hair and some hair is see on brush, what stage of growth was that hair in?

A
  • telogen
26
Q

Where are apocrine glands found?

A
  • axillary and anogenital region
27
Q

Where are eccrine glands found

A
  • hands and feet
  • thermoregulation
  • no hair follicle involved, straight to epidermis
28
Q

What are some functions of the skin?

A
  • barrier (physical and chemical)
  • thermoregulation
  • metabolism and detoxification
  • immune defence
29
Q

What are the 4 layers of the epidermis from superifical to deep?

A
  • Keratin layer
  • Granular layer
  • Prickle cell layer
  • Basal layer
30
Q

What is the average nail growth daily?

A
  • 0.1mm/day
31
Q

Langerhans cells are _______ in origin?

A
  • mesenchymal (bone marrow)
32
Q

Where are Langerhans cells found?

A
  • Prickle cell layer
33
Q

What lies adjacent to hair follicles?

A
  • Sebacous glands
34
Q

Explain vitiligo?

A
  • An autoimmune condition of melanocytes
35
Q

What is the sheding phase of the hair follice called?

A
  • Telogen phase
36
Q

What are the 3 layers of the nail plate?

A
  • Dorsal
  • Intermediate
  • Ventral
37
Q

What protects the nuclear DNA in basal cells?

A
  • Melanin caps
38
Q

Pacinian nerves sense______

A
  • pressure
39
Q

Meisner nerves sense______

A
  • vibration
40
Q

What is the dermo-epidermal junction?

A
  • Interface between the dermis and epidermis

- semi-permeable

41
Q

What gland is responsible for odour?

A
  • Apocrine gland
42
Q

The eccrine gland is under _______ nerve supply?

A
  • sympathetic cholinergic nerve supply
43
Q

What is vitamin D3 stored as in the liver?

A
  • Hydroxycholecalciferol
44
Q

What is hydroxycholecalciferol converted to in the kidney?

A
  • 1,25- dihydroxycholestrol

Dermatology (11 decks)

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