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Dermatology > Skin Cancer > Flashcards

Skin Cancer Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 broad categories of skin cancer?

A
  • Keratinocyte

- Melanocyte

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of keratinocyte skin cancers?

A
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

- Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

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3
Q

What skin cancer has the best prognosis?

A
  • BCC
  • Locally invasive
  • Not metastatic
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4
Q

What does melanoma arise from?

A
  • Melanocytes

- Pigment producing cells of the skin

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5
Q

What is the difference in terms of motility between melanocytes and keratinocytes?

A
  • Melanocytes are motile and migrate from the neural crest
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6
Q

What is essential in melanomas to enhance survival?

A
  • Early diagnosis
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7
Q

What is a good indicator for survival in melanomas?

A
  • Breslow Thickness
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8
Q

A melanoma with a breslow thickness of <1mm has a 5 year survival percentage of_____

A

95%-100%

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9
Q

A melanoma with a breslow thickness of >4mm has a 5 year survival percentage of_____

A

50%

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10
Q

A melanoma which is metastatic has a 5 year survival percentage of ____

A

5%

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11
Q

What is the ABCDE of skin cancer diagnosis

A 
Asymmetry
Border
Colou
Diameter
Evoultion
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12
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for skin cancer?

A
  • Sun exposure
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13
Q

Can a BCC be cured?

A
  • yes

- locally invasive but not metastatic

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14
Q

What is the presentation of a BCC?

A
  • Pearly
  • Visible arborising blood vessels
  • central ulceration
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15
Q

What are the different types of BCC?

A
  • Superficial
  • Nodular
  • Infiltrative
  • Pigmented
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16
Q

What might a SCC appear like?

A
  • Faster growing than BCC
  • Warty and crusty (hyperkeratotic)
  • elderly
  • sun exposed areas
17
Q

SCC are non metastatic

True or false?

A
  • FALSE
  • Neglected SCC can metastasise
  • Better prognosis than melanoma
18
Q

What is a type of precanceorus lesion?

A
  • Actinic keratoses
19
Q

Name a DNA repair syndrome that increases risk of skin cancer?

A
  • Xeroderma pigmentosum
  • photosensitivity
  • photodamage
20
Q

Oculocutaneous albinism is an autosomal ____ condition that has _____ risk factors

A
  • autosomal recessive

- risk factor of sun sensitivity and skin cancer

21
Q

Define cancer

A
  • An abnormal accumulation of cells that multipy through controlled cell division
  • Can metastasise
22
Q

Define oncogene and give examples

A
  • Over active form of a gene that positively regulates cell division
  • drives tumour formation
  • Ras
  • Raf
23
Q

Define proto-oncogene

A
  • Normal

- Not yet mutated form of an oncogene

24
Q

Define tumour suppressor and give examples

A
  • inactive or non-functioning form of a gene that negatively regulates cell division
  • Rb TP53
25
Q

What are some hallmarkers of cancer (6)

A
  • resisting cell death
  • sustaining proliferative signalling
  • evading growth suppressors
  • activating invasion and metastasis
  • enabling replicative immortality
  • angiogenesis
26
Q

What UV light causes indirect oxidative damage

A
  • UVA

320-400nm

27
Q

What UV light causes direct DNA damage

A
  • UVB

290-320nm

28
Q

What is the scale used for different skin types

A
  • Fitzpatrick

- types 1-6

29
Q

Explain UV induced immunosuppression

A
  • Depletion of langerhans cells
  • generation of UV induced regulator T cells
  • T cells with immune suppression activity
  • release of anti-inflammatory cytokines
30
Q

What mutation is often involved in BCC?

A
  • PTCH
31
Q

What signalling pathway is often involved in BCC and what drug can target this?

A
  • Hedgehog pathway

- Vismodegib

32
Q

Melanoma often has what mutation?

What drug can target this mutation

A
  • BRAF

- Vemurafenib targets

33
Q

Pre-cancerous lesion treatments

A
  • cryotherapy
  • solaraze
  • imiquimod
34
Q

What are the layers of the scalp superficial to deep

A
  • Skin
  • Connective tissue
  • Aponeurosis
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Periosteum

Dermatology (11 decks)

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