Pharmacology and therapeutics Flashcards
Transdermal means?
- across the skin
Subcutaneous means?
- injected into the body, bypasses the skin
What is another name given to the keratin layer of the skin?
- Stratum corneum
What does the stratum corenum contain?
- corneocytes (differentiated keratinocytes)
In the brick and mortar model what does the mortar represent?
- multiple lamellar structures of intracellular lipids, cholestrol and free fatty acids
Drug delivery into and across the startum corneum is a ___ process
- passive process
- diffusion
Intercellular absorption of a drug is hydro__
- hyprohophic
Transcellular absorption of a drug is hydro____
- hydrophillic
What factors influence absorption of a topical drug?
- permeability coefficent
- concentration of a drug
- length of diffusion pathway
What are roles of vehicles?
- contain other properties to allow for drug absorption
- factors affecting vehicles: concentration of drug, movement of drug from vehicle into the keratin layer
Which drug has a higher water content?
Ointments vs lotions?
- lotions
Which drug has a higher water content?
Ointements vs gels?
- Oitments
Drugs which are lipophillic in vehicles that are lipophillic means what?
- soluble in both the vehicle and the skin
Drugs which are lipophillic in hydrophilic bases means what?
- the drug is more soluble in the skin
Hydrophillic drug in a lipophillic base has what solubility?
- limited solubility
What factors affect the rate of absorption of applied drugs?
- nature of the skin (thickness, hydration and integrity)
- drug preperation (concentration, vehicle)
Glucocorticoids are used in what skin conditions?
- atopic eczema
- psoriasis
- pruirits
What features does a glucocorticoid have?
- anti-inflammatory
- immunosuppressant
- vasoconstrictor
What are some adverse effects of long term usage of steroids?
- skin atrophy
- spread of infection due to immune suppression
- steroid rosacea
Glucocorticods are lipophillic meaning?
- they can diffuse into the stratum corneum
What type of receptor does a glucocorticoid bind to?
- nuclear recepor
- lipophillic
Subcutaneous route of administration may be used in what type of drugs?
- proetin drugs
What are some advantages of topical treatments?
- direct application
- reduced systemicc effects
What are some disadvantages of topical treatments?
- time consumin
- correct dosage can be difficult
- messy
What is the composition of creams?
- semisolid emulsion
- contains preservatives
What is the compostion of lotions?
- liquid formation
When would it be appropriate to use a lotion over a cream?
- scalp
- hear bearing areams
What is a disadvantage of oitnments
- greasy
Ointments contain preservatives true or false?
- FALSE
Wet wrapping may be used for what?
- Very dry xeortic skin
- time consuming
What is a risk associated with emolients?
- Fire risk is paraffin bases
When is it best to apply an emolient
- After bathing
What are caliceurin inhibiotrs?
- suppress lymphocyte activation
What is an example of a caliceurin inhibiotr?
- tacrolimus
What is the weakest topical steroid?
- hydrocortisone
What is the strongest topical steroid?
- clobetasol
What drugs can be used as antipruritics?
- menthol
- capsacin
How does capsaicin work?
- depletes substance P
