Pathology

Question 1

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 1

• strong barrier to antigens
• thermoregulation
• fluid and electroyte balance
• endocrine function - vitamin D
• Sensory function
• immune function

Question 2

Normal epidermis is composed of what cells?

Answer 2

• stratified keratinising squamous epithelium

Question 3

Where are melanocytes found?

Answer 3

• Dermo-epidermal junction

- or basal layer

Question 4

What is prominent in the prickle cell layer?

Answer 4

• Desmosomes

Question 5

What is the dermis composed of?

Answer 5

• Type I and III collagen

- elastic fibres

Question 6

What layer of the dermis are appendages found?

Answer 6

• reticular dermis

Question 7

Define hyperkeratosis?

Answer 7

• increased thickness of keratin layer

Question 8

Define parakeratosis?

Answer 8

• Persistence of the nuclei in the keratin layer

Question 9

Define acanthosis?

Answer 9

• Increased thickness of the epithelium

Question 10

Define papillomatosis?

Answer 10

• Irregular epithelial thickening

Question 11

Define spongiosis?

Answer 11

• odema filled

Question 12

Spongiotic intraepidermal oedema ???

Answer 12

• eczema

Question 13

Psoriasiform elongation of rete ridges???

Answer 13

• psoriasis

Question 14

Lichenoid basal layer damage

Answer 14

• Lichen planus

- lupus

Question 15

Vesculobullos blistering

Answer 15

• Bullous pempigoid
• Pemphigus
• Dermatitis herptitformis

Question 16

Which vesculobullos blistering disease is most common in a younger population?

Answer 16

• Pemphigus

Question 17

Which vesculobullos blistering disease is most common in coeliac disease

Answer 17

• Dermatitis herpetiformis

Question 18

Lichenoid disorders present as what?

Answer 18

• itchy flat topped violaceous papules

Question 19

What would a lichenoid disorder look like down the microscope?

Answer 19

• Irregular sawtooth acanthosis

Question 20

Pemphigus is deep or superfical blistering?

Answer 20

• Superfical

- blisters rupture easily

Question 21

What autoantibodies are associated with pemphigus?

Answer 21

• Desoglein 3

Question 22

What autoantibodies are associated with pemphigoid?

Answer 22

• hemidesmoses

Question 23

Pemphiogoid is deep or superfical?

Answer 23

• Deeper

- subepidermal

Question 24

Papillary dermal microabsesses?

Answer 24

• Dermatitis herpiteformis

Question 25

What is the pathophysiology of acne?

Answer 25

- increased androgen - keratin plugging of subceous glands - production of comedones

Question 26

Rosacea is commoner in what population?

Answer 26

- Females

Question 27

Rhinopyma?

Answer 27

- Thickening of the skin

Question 28

Rosacea presents as what?

Answer 28

- Recurrent facial flushing

Question 29

What is the name given to the precursors of melanocytes before the migrate and settle in basal layer?

Answer 29

- Melanoblasts

Question 30

What gene is responsible for freckles and red hair?

Answer 30

- MC1R gene

Question 31

1 faulty copy of MC1R gene results in____

Answer 31

- freckles

Question 32

2 Faulty copies of MC1R gene results in _______

Answer 32

- freckles and red hair

Question 33

What melanocyte is responsible for all hair colour except red hair?

Answer 33

- Eumelanin

Question 34

What melanocyte is responsible for red hair?

Answer 34

- Phaemelanin

Question 35

What is the pathological name of liver or age spots?

Answer 35

- actinic lentiginues

Question 36

What are the 3 types of naevi?

Answer 36

- junctional - complex - intradermal

Question 37

Explain a juncational naevi

Answer 37

- found at the dermal-epidermal junction

Question 38

Explain a complex naevi?

Answer 38

- Found in dermal-epidermal junction and dermis

Question 39

Explain an intradermal naevi?

Answer 39

- Found entirely in dermis

Question 40

Difference between dysplastic naevi and melanoma?

Answer 40

- Dysplastic naevi the epidermis is not affected

Question 41

What are the 3 different malignant melanomas where RGP +/- VGP occur?

Answer 41

- SSM - A/MLM - LMM

Question 42

What type of malignant melanoma only has VGP?

Answer 42

- Nodular melanoma

Question 43

What phase of growth must a melanoma be undergoing in order for it to metastasise?

Answer 43

- VGP | - Vertical Growth phase

Question 44

a 'stuck on appearance' lesion on the face

Answer 44

- Seborrhoeic keratosis

Question 45

What causes a seborrhoeic keratosis

Answer 45

- benign proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes

Question 46

Telangiectatic vessels on a lesion could be indicative of____

Answer 46

- basal cell carcinoma

Question 47

What are some precursors of SCC

Answer 47

- Bowens disease - Actnic keratosis - Viral lesions * All show squamous dysplasia