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Dermatology > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A
  • strong barrier to antigens
  • thermoregulation
  • fluid and electroyte balance
  • endocrine function - vitamin D
  • Sensory function
  • immune function
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2
Q

Normal epidermis is composed of what cells?

A
  • stratified keratinising squamous epithelium
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3
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A
  • Dermo-epidermal junction

- or basal layer

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4
Q

What is prominent in the prickle cell layer?

A
  • Desmosomes
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5
Q

What is the dermis composed of?

A
  • Type I and III collagen

- elastic fibres

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6
Q

What layer of the dermis are appendages found?

A
  • reticular dermis
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7
Q

Define hyperkeratosis?

A
  • increased thickness of keratin layer
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8
Q

Define parakeratosis?

A
  • Persistence of the nuclei in the keratin layer
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9
Q

Define acanthosis?

A
  • Increased thickness of the epithelium
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10
Q

Define papillomatosis?

A
  • Irregular epithelial thickening
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11
Q

Define spongiosis?

A
  • odema filled
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12
Q

Spongiotic intraepidermal oedema ???

A
  • eczema
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13
Q

Psoriasiform elongation of rete ridges???

A
  • psoriasis
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14
Q

Lichenoid basal layer damage

A
  • Lichen planus

- lupus

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15
Q

Vesculobullos blistering

A
  • Bullous pempigoid
  • Pemphigus
  • Dermatitis herptitformis
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16
Q

Which vesculobullos blistering disease is most common in a younger population?

A
  • Pemphigus
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17
Q

Which vesculobullos blistering disease is most common in coeliac disease

A
  • Dermatitis herpetiformis
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18
Q

Lichenoid disorders present as what?

A
  • itchy flat topped violaceous papules
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19
Q

What would a lichenoid disorder look like down the microscope?

A
  • Irregular sawtooth acanthosis
20
Q

Pemphigus is deep or superfical blistering?

A
  • Superfical

- blisters rupture easily

21
Q

What autoantibodies are associated with pemphigus?

A
  • Desoglein 3
22
Q

What autoantibodies are associated with pemphigoid?

A
  • hemidesmoses
23
Q

Pemphiogoid is deep or superfical?

A
  • Deeper

- subepidermal

24
Q

Papillary dermal microabsesses?

A
  • Dermatitis herpiteformis
25
Q

What is the pathophysiology of acne?

A
  • increased androgen
  • keratin plugging of subceous glands
  • production of comedones
26
Q

Rosacea is commoner in what population?

27
Q

Rhinopyma?

A
  • Thickening of the skin
28
Q

Rosacea presents as what?

A
  • Recurrent facial flushing
29
Q

What is the name given to the precursors of melanocytes before the migrate and settle in basal layer?

A
  • Melanoblasts
30
Q

What gene is responsible for freckles and red hair?

31
Q

1 faulty copy of MC1R gene results in____

32
Q

2 Faulty copies of MC1R gene results in _______

A
  • freckles and red hair
33
Q

What melanocyte is responsible for all hair colour except red hair?

34
Q

What melanocyte is responsible for red hair?

A
  • Phaemelanin
35
Q

What is the pathological name of liver or age spots?

A
  • actinic lentiginues
36
Q

What are the 3 types of naevi?

A
  • junctional
  • complex
  • intradermal
37
Q

Explain a juncational naevi

A
  • found at the dermal-epidermal junction
38
Q

Explain a complex naevi?

A
  • Found in dermal-epidermal junction and dermis
39
Q

Explain an intradermal naevi?

A
  • Found entirely in dermis
40
Q

Difference between dysplastic naevi and melanoma?

A
  • Dysplastic naevi the epidermis is not affected
41
Q

What are the 3 different malignant melanomas where RGP +/- VGP occur?

A
  • SSM
  • A/MLM
  • LMM
42
Q

What type of malignant melanoma only has VGP?

A
  • Nodular melanoma
43
Q

What phase of growth must a melanoma be undergoing in order for it to metastasise?

A
  • VGP

- Vertical Growth phase

44
Q

a ‘stuck on appearance’ lesion on the face

A
  • Seborrhoeic keratosis
45
Q

What causes a seborrhoeic keratosis

A
  • benign proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes
46
Q

Telangiectatic vessels on a lesion could be indicative of____

A
  • basal cell carcinoma
47
Q

What are some precursors of SCC

A
  • Bowens disease
  • Actnic keratosis
  • Viral lesions
  • All show squamous dysplasia

Dermatology (11 decks)

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