Stroke and TIA Flashcards
what is a stroke
rapid development of symptoms/signs
focal loss of cerebral function
global loss with coma or SAH
lasts > 24 hours
presumed vascular origin
what are the 2 types of stroke
ischaemic stroke
haemorrhage stroke
what is shown in the image
ischaemic stroke, left
haemorrhage stroke, right
how does an ischaemic stroke happen
artherosclerosis causes a thick, rough deposit to form on the inner wall of an artery blocking the passage way or narrowing it
only small amount of blood can get through
OR: a blood clot gets stuck in an artery and blocks the blood flow
how does a haemorrhage stroke happen?
blood from burst artery is forced into the tissue of the Brian (intracerebral haemorrhage) or into the narrow space between the brain surface and the layer of tissue that covers the brain (subarachnoid haemorrhage)
intra-cerebral haemorrhage
bleed form a blood vessel
variable prognosis
occasionally from an AVM or tumour
how does infarction occur
thrombosis in situ
thrombus forms at site of a hardened patch of artery within the brain
usually affects the small blood vessels in the brain
how does infarction occur
thrombosis in situ
thrombus forms at site of a hardened patch of artery within the brain
usually affects the small blood vessels in the brain
main risk factors for thrombosis in situ
hypertension
smoking
lipids
embolic stroke
thrombus forms outside the brain and embolisms to the brain
main risk factors for embolic stroke
atrial fibrillation
cardiac failure
valvular disease
diabetes
lipids
what is a TIA
transient ischaemic attack
acute loss of focal cerebral function
or
acute monocular visual loss (amaurosis fugax)
lasts <24 hours but mostly short lived
scheme for noticing signs of stroke
FAST
f- face
a- arms
s- speech
t- time
what is the scale used in stroke assessment
ROSIER
recognition of stroke in the emergency room
what is the ROSIER scale
in acute stroke rapid intervention is crucial to maximise early treatment benefits
validated scoring system to identify patients with acute stroke from myriad other non stroke condiotns would be helpful
what does the image show
ROSIER scale
questions to ask if patient has suddenly..?
what is the Bamford classification
The Bamford classification divides people with stroke into four different categories, according to the symptoms and signs with which they present. This classification is useful for understanding the likely underlying pathology, which in turn gives information on treatments likely to be useful and the prognosis. It is a relatively simple, robust, bedside classification using clinical information.
rankin scale
