Brain anatomy lecture

Question 1

gastrulation

Answer 1

embryos undergo this process
creates the gut
blastopore in humans and other vertebrae will form the anus and mouth breaks through anterior end to create through-gut

Question 2

neurulation

Answer 2

production of a central nervous system
left to right

Question 3

label the image

Answer 3

Question 4

what is encephalisation

Answer 4

an increase in brain or neocortex size relative to body size, size of lower brain areas, and/or evolutionary time

Question 5

where does encephalisation occur

Answer 5

in the neural tube at the anterior end

Question 6

what are the three primary brain vesicles

Answer 6

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

Question 7

forebrain vesicles

Answer 7

telencephalon vesicles
diencephalon
optic vesicles

Question 8

forebrain evagination

Answer 8

produces 2 secondary brain vesicles which are the telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 9

label the image

Answer 9

Question 10

what are the 4 ventricles of the brain

Answer 10

laterals
third
fourth

Question 11

embryology

Answer 11

cephalic, cervical and pontine flexures are conserved feature of mammalian neural development but cortex and cerebellum expand owing to the proliferation of neural progenitor cells meaning they can dominate the cranial cavity postnatally

Question 12

bipedal

Answer 12

using only two legs for walking

Question 13

what are the 5 cortical lobes of the brain

Answer 13

frontal
pariteal
occipital
temporal
insula

Question 14

label the lobes in the image

Answer 14

Question 15

basal ganglia

Answer 15

comprise the caudate and putamen (dorsal striatum), ventral striatum, globes pallid us and ventral palladium

Question 16

label the axial view of the basal ganglia

Answer 16

Question 17

label the lateral view of the basal ganglia

Answer 17

Question 18

what does the ventral striatum include

Answer 18

the nucleus accumbens (acb/ac)

Question 19

what is the globes pallid us separated into

Answer 19

external Gpe and internal Gpi nuclei

Question 20

what does the globes pallid us sit above

Answer 20

the ventral palladium VP

Question 21

label the basal ganglia in the parasagittal section

Answer 21

Question 22

caudate

Answer 22

tail

Question 23

putamen

Answer 23

that which falls off in opining

Question 24

striatum

Answer 24

striped

Question 25

globus pallidus

Answer 25

pale body

Question 26

thalamus

Answer 26

inner chambre

Question 27

what is the brainstem divided into

Answer 27

midbrain pons medulla

Question 28

label this midsagittal section

Answer 28

Question 29

where does the third ventricle sit

Answer 29

within the diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)

Question 30

what runs through the midbrain into the fourth ventricle

Answer 30

the cerebral aqueduct

Question 31

where does the fourth ventricle sit

Answer 31

within the hindbrain (pons, medulla and cerebellum)

Question 32

what is the midbrain involved in

Answer 32

visual and auditory reflexes (dorsally) and has important motor functions ventrally

Question 33

label the image

Answer 33

Question 34

what is the pons

Answer 34

site of communication between cerebellum and rest of CNS

Question 35

what does the medulla coordinate

Answer 35

subconscious sensorimotor integration

Question 36

function of the cerebellum

Answer 36

integration of proprioceptive information with motor commands conditions of the cerebellum generally involve issues with balance and coordination

Question 37

what is medulloblastoma

Answer 37

most common malignant paediatric primary brain tumour

Question 38

what is cerebellar agenesis

Answer 38

complete absence of the cerebellum

Question 39

what is the cortex classified into

Answer 39

paleocortex archicortex neocortex

Question 40

what dominates the human cerebral cortex

Answer 40

the neocortex

Question 41

what are the brodmann areas

Answer 41

the different thicknesses in the 6 layers there's 52

Question 42

what exists in the primary motor cortex (M1)

Answer 42

topographic map of the body

Question 43

what is the density of the cortical neurons that generate information proportional to

Answer 43

the degree of control in the body

Question 44

primary motor cortex

Answer 44

M1- BA4

Question 45

primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 45

S1-BA1/2/3

Question 46

what is in the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 46

in S1 topographic map of the body recipient of information rather than the generator of commands information travels to it from spinal and brainstem nuclei, primary sensory neurons

Question 47

somatosensation

Answer 47

comprises general sensation touch, pain,prorpioception

Question 48

primary auditory cortex

Answer 48

A1-BA41

Question 49

what is in the primary auditory cortex

Answer 49

topographic map but this time of sound frequency

Question 50

primary visual cortex

Answer 50

V1-BA17

Question 51

what is in the primary visual cortex

Answer 51

visual world is projected onto V1 in a topographic map

Question 52

human condition

Answer 52

sheer massive amount of association cortex where our complex ideas come from