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Medicine Unit 6 > Brain anatomy lecture > Flashcards

Brain anatomy lecture Flashcards

1
Q

gastrulation

A

embryos undergo this process
creates the gut
blastopore in humans and other vertebrae will form the anus and mouth breaks through anterior end to create through-gut

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2
Q

neurulation

A

production of a central nervous system
left to right

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3
Q

label the image

A
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4
Q

what is encephalisation

A

an increase in brain or neocortex size relative to body size, size of lower brain areas, and/or evolutionary time

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5
Q

where does encephalisation occur

A

in the neural tube at the anterior end

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6
Q

what are the three primary brain vesicles

A

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

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7
Q

forebrain vesicles

A

telencephalon vesicles
diencephalon
optic vesicles

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8
Q

forebrain evagination

A

produces 2 secondary brain vesicles which are the telencephalon and diencephalon

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9
Q

label the image

A
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10
Q

what are the 4 ventricles of the brain

A

laterals
third
fourth

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11
Q

embryology

A

cephalic, cervical and pontine flexures are conserved feature of mammalian neural development but cortex and cerebellum expand owing to the proliferation of neural progenitor cells meaning they can dominate the cranial cavity postnatally

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12
Q

bipedal

A

using only two legs for walking

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13
Q

what are the 5 cortical lobes of the brain

A

frontal
pariteal
occipital
temporal
insula

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14
Q

label the lobes in the image

A
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15
Q

basal ganglia

A

comprise the caudate and putamen (dorsal striatum), ventral striatum, globes pallid us and ventral palladium

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16
Q

label the axial view of the basal ganglia

A
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17
Q

label the lateral view of the basal ganglia

A
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18
Q

what does the ventral striatum include

A

the nucleus accumbens (acb/ac)

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19
Q

what is the globes pallid us separated into

A

external Gpe and internal Gpi nuclei

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20
Q

what does the globes pallid us sit above

A

the ventral palladium VP

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21
Q

label the basal ganglia in the parasagittal section

A
22
Q

caudate

A

tail

23
Q

putamen

A

that which falls off in opining

24
Q

striatum

A

striped

25
Q

globus pallidus

A

pale body

26
Q

thalamus

A

inner chambre

27
Q

what is the brainstem divided into

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

28
Q

label this midsagittal section

A
29
Q

where does the third ventricle sit

A

within the diencephalon
(thalamus and hypothalamus)

30
Q

what runs through the midbrain into the fourth ventricle

A

the cerebral aqueduct

31
Q

where does the fourth ventricle sit

A

within the hindbrain
(pons, medulla and cerebellum)

32
Q

what is the midbrain involved in

A

visual and auditory reflexes (dorsally) and has important motor functions ventrally

33
Q

label the image

A
34
Q

what is the pons

A

site of communication between cerebellum and rest of CNS

35
Q

what does the medulla coordinate

A

subconscious sensorimotor integration

36
Q

function of the cerebellum

A

integration of proprioceptive information with motor commands
conditions of the cerebellum generally involve issues with balance and coordination

37
Q

what is medulloblastoma

A

most common malignant paediatric primary brain tumour

38
Q

what is cerebellar agenesis

A

complete absence of the cerebellum

39
Q

what is the cortex classified into

A

paleocortex
archicortex
neocortex

40
Q

what dominates the human cerebral cortex

A

the neocortex

41
Q

what are the brodmann areas

A

the different thicknesses in the 6 layers
there’s 52

42
Q

what exists in the primary motor cortex (M1)

A

topographic map of the body

43
Q

what is the density of the cortical neurons that generate information proportional to

A

the degree of control in the body

44
Q

primary motor cortex

A

M1- BA4

45
Q

primary somatosensory cortex

A

S1-BA1/2/3

46
Q

what is in the primary somatosensory cortex

A

in S1 topographic map of the body
recipient of information rather than the generator of commands
information travels to it from spinal and brainstem nuclei, primary sensory neurons

47
Q

somatosensation

A

comprises general sensation
touch, pain,prorpioception

48
Q

primary auditory cortex

A

A1-BA41

49
Q

what is in the primary auditory cortex

A

topographic map
but this time of sound frequency

50
Q

primary visual cortex

A

V1-BA17

51
Q

what is in the primary visual cortex

A

visual world is projected onto V1 in a topographic map

52
Q

human condition

A

sheer massive amount of association cortex
where our complex ideas come from

Medicine Unit 6 (23 decks)

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