Key concepts: Cortex function

Question 1

conditions

Answer 1

stroke
dementia
trauma

Question 2

cerebral cortex

Answer 2

outermost layer of the brain
primarily grey matter which is folded forming gyri and grooves called sulci to increase the surface area

Question 3

most of human cerebral cortex

Answer 3

neocortex
has neuronal arrangement in 6 layers

Question 4

rest of human cerebral cortex

Answer 4

allocortex
has a more variable layer pattern
or the mesocortex
which is a transition between Neo and allo

Question 5

how can you subdivide areas of the cortex

Answer 5

sensory
motor
association

Question 6

sensory cortex areas

Answer 6

receive information regarding sensation
examples: primary somatosensory cortex, primary auditory cortex, primary visual cortex

Question 7

motor cortex areas

Answer 7

movement
examples: primary motor cortex, pre-motor cortex, supplementary motor cortex

Question 8

association cortex areas

Answer 8

integration of information from multiple brain regions from the primary area
involved in higher order processing, integrating and interpreting information from either unimodal or hetermodal
examples: parietal associados areas, frontal associaiotn areas

Question 9

what are sensory and motor areas subdivisions of

Answer 9

primary cortical areas

Question 10

primary cortical areas

Answer 10

receive information from peripheral receptors
little interpretation

Question 11

sensory areas

Answer 11

Question 12

motor areas

Answer 12

Question 13

association area

Answer 13

Question 14

forebrain

Answer 14

cortex and grey matter nuclei
divides into the telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 15

telencephalon

Answer 15

cerebral hemispheres
deep structures

Question 16

diencephalon

Answer 16

thalamus
hypothalamus
sub thalamus

Question 17

gyrus

Answer 17

ridges

Question 18

sulci

Answer 18

furrows

Question 19

naming sulci

Answer 19

many have names e.g. central sulcus
large sulci= fissures

Question 20

naming gyri

Answer 20

based on their function and location

Question 21

what divides lobes of brain

Answer 21

sulci

Question 22

lateral view of brain lobes

Answer 22

Question 23

medial view of brain lobes

Answer 23

Question 24

further subdivisions of the brain

Answer 24

motor areas
visual areas
motor related areas
somatosensory areas
auditory areas
insular cortex
language areas
other association areas

Question 25

components of the motor areas

Answer 25

primary motor area supplementary motor area, premotor association area

Question 26

primary motor area

Answer 26

in the pre central gyrus of the frontal lobe responsible for motor output to the contralateral side of the body outflow from the primary motor area makes up the corticospinal tract

Question 27

supplementary motor area, premotor association area

Answer 27

located anterior to the primary motor area in frontal lobe lies superior to the premotor area supplementary: motor maps for posture, efferents innervate limbs and truncal musculature premotor: involved in higher order processing and integration of motor information

Question 28

location of motor areas

Answer 28

Question 29

what are the motor related areas

Answer 29

frontal eye fields motor hand area

Question 30

frontal eye fields

Answer 30

located in the supplementary motor area extend anteriorly involved in eye movements

Question 31

motor hand area

Answer 31

hook shaped segment of the pre central gyrus located posterior to the frontal eye fields responsbile for motor hand function

Question 32

location of motor related areas

Answer 32

Question 33

what are the different somatosensory areas

Answer 33

primary somatosensory somatosensory association areas

Question 34

primary somatosensory areas

Answer 34

located in the post central gyrus of the parietal lobe sensory afferents from contralateral peripheral receptors travel to the thalamus and ultimately project to the primary somatosensory areas afferent projections retain somatotopic organisation

Question 35

somatosensory association areas

Answer 35

located posterior to the primary somatosensory area allows for interpretation of the significance of sensory information: touch, pressure, proprioceptive information

Question 36

location of somatosensory areas

Answer 36

Question 37

different visual areas

Answer 37

primary visual visual association

Question 38

primary visual areas

Answer 38

Question 39

visual association areas

Answer 39

Question 40

location of the visual areas

Answer 40

Question 41

auditory areas

Answer 41

primary auditory auditory association areas

Question 42

primary auditory area

Answer 42

Question 43

auditory association area

Answer 43

Question 44

location of auditory areas

Answer 44

Question 45

divisions of the insular cortex

Answer 45

insular cortex primary gustatory areas

Question 46

insular cortex

Answer 46

wide array of functions involvement in consciousness, emotion, self-awareness and cognitive functions

Question 47

primary gustatory area

Answer 47

important primary sensory area for taste located in the insular cortex within the lateral fissure

Question 48

location of insular cortex

Answer 48

Question 49

divisions of language areas

Answer 49

broca area wernicke area

Question 50

language areas

Answer 50

Question 51

broca area

Answer 51

Question 52

wernicke area

Answer 52

Question 53

location of language areas

Answer 53

Question 54

other association areas

Answer 54

frontal parietal temporal

Question 55

frontal association areas

Answer 55

in the frontal lobe anterior to the supplementary motor areas referred to as the prefrontal cortex has extensive connections with other areas of the brain: sensory and motor cortices, basal ganglia, cerebellum, amygdala, hypothalamus and brain stem for executive function: memory, problem solving, planning and cognitive flexibility

Question 56

parietal association areas

Answer 56

posterior to the primary somatosensory area (post central gyrus) involved in orientating our attention in time and space and highly inter-connected with the prefrontal cortex

Question 57

temporal association areas

Answer 57

widespread across the temporal lobe critical for making link between visual stimulus of a face or object and its meaning or identity

Question 58

location of other associational areas in the brain

Answer 58

Question 59

classification of association cortex

Answer 59

unimodal or heteromodal

Question 60

unimodal association cortex

Answer 60

involved in single functions sensory or motor

Question 61

heteromodal association cortex

Answer 61

involved in integrating functions form multiple modalities (sensory and/or motor)

Question 62

location of the different classifications of association cortex

Answer 62

Question 63

label the image

Answer 63