Key concepts: Cortex function Flashcards
conditions
stroke
dementia
trauma
cerebral cortex
outermost layer of the brain
primarily grey matter which is folded forming gyri and grooves called sulci to increase the surface area
most of human cerebral cortex
neocortex
has neuronal arrangement in 6 layers
rest of human cerebral cortex
allocortex
has a more variable layer pattern
or the mesocortex
which is a transition between Neo and allo
how can you subdivide areas of the cortex
sensory
motor
association
sensory cortex areas
receive information regarding sensation
examples: primary somatosensory cortex, primary auditory cortex, primary visual cortex
motor cortex areas
movement
examples: primary motor cortex, pre-motor cortex, supplementary motor cortex
association cortex areas
integration of information from multiple brain regions from the primary area
involved in higher order processing, integrating and interpreting information from either unimodal or hetermodal
examples: parietal associados areas, frontal associaiotn areas
what are sensory and motor areas subdivisions of
primary cortical areas
primary cortical areas
receive information from peripheral receptors
little interpretation
sensory areas
motor areas
association area
forebrain
cortex and grey matter nuclei
divides into the telencephalon and diencephalon
telencephalon
cerebral hemispheres
deep structures
diencephalon
thalamus
hypothalamus
sub thalamus
gyrus
ridges
sulci
furrows
naming sulci
many have names e.g. central sulcus
large sulci= fissures
naming gyri
based on their function and location
what divides lobes of brain
sulci
lateral view of brain lobes
medial view of brain lobes
further subdivisions of the brain
motor areas
visual areas
motor related areas
somatosensory areas
auditory areas
insular cortex
language areas
other association areas
components of the motor areas
primary motor area
supplementary motor area, premotor association area
primary motor area
in the pre central gyrus of the frontal lobe
responsible for motor output to the contralateral side of the body
outflow from the primary motor area makes up the corticospinal tract
supplementary motor area, premotor association area
located anterior to the primary motor area in frontal lobe
lies superior to the premotor area
supplementary: motor maps for posture, efferents innervate limbs and truncal musculature
premotor: involved in higher order processing and integration of motor information
location of motor areas
what are the motor related areas
frontal eye fields
motor hand area
frontal eye fields
located in the supplementary motor area
extend anteriorly
involved in eye movements
motor hand area
hook shaped segment of the pre central gyrus located posterior to the frontal eye fields
responsbile for motor hand function
location of motor related areas
what are the different somatosensory areas
primary somatosensory
somatosensory association areas
primary somatosensory areas
located in the post central gyrus of the parietal lobe
sensory afferents from contralateral peripheral receptors travel to the thalamus and ultimately project to the primary somatosensory areas
afferent projections retain somatotopic organisation
somatosensory association areas
located posterior to the primary somatosensory area
allows for interpretation of the significance of sensory information: touch, pressure, proprioceptive information
location of somatosensory areas
different visual areas
primary visual
visual association
primary visual areas
visual association areas
location of the visual areas
auditory areas
primary auditory
auditory association areas
primary auditory area
auditory association area
location of auditory areas
divisions of the insular cortex
insular cortex
primary gustatory areas
insular cortex
wide array of functions
involvement in consciousness, emotion, self-awareness and cognitive functions
primary gustatory area
important primary sensory area
for taste
located in the insular cortex within the lateral fissure
location of insular cortex
divisions of language areas
broca area
wernicke area
language areas
broca area
wernicke area
location of language areas
other association areas
frontal
parietal
temporal
frontal association areas
in the frontal lobe
anterior to the supplementary motor areas
referred to as the prefrontal cortex
has extensive connections with other areas of the brain: sensory and motor cortices, basal ganglia, cerebellum, amygdala, hypothalamus and brain stem
for executive function: memory, problem solving, planning and cognitive flexibility
parietal association areas
posterior to the primary somatosensory area (post central gyrus)
involved in orientating our attention in time and space and highly inter-connected with the prefrontal cortex
temporal association areas
widespread across the temporal lobe
critical for making link between visual stimulus of a face or object and its meaning or identity
location of other associational areas in the brain
classification of association cortex
unimodal or heteromodal
unimodal association cortex
involved in single functions sensory or motor
heteromodal association cortex
involved in integrating functions form multiple modalities (sensory and/or motor)
location of the different classifications of association cortex
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