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Medicine Unit 6 > Key concepts: Cortex function > Flashcards

Key concepts: Cortex function Flashcards

1
Q

conditions

A

stroke
dementia
trauma

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2
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outermost layer of the brain
primarily grey matter which is folded forming gyri and grooves called sulci to increase the surface area

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3
Q

most of human cerebral cortex

A

neocortex
has neuronal arrangement in 6 layers

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4
Q

rest of human cerebral cortex

A

allocortex
has a more variable layer pattern
or the mesocortex
which is a transition between Neo and allo

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5
Q

how can you subdivide areas of the cortex

A

sensory
motor
association

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6
Q

sensory cortex areas

A

receive information regarding sensation
examples: primary somatosensory cortex, primary auditory cortex, primary visual cortex

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7
Q

motor cortex areas

A

movement
examples: primary motor cortex, pre-motor cortex, supplementary motor cortex

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8
Q

association cortex areas

A

integration of information from multiple brain regions from the primary area
involved in higher order processing, integrating and interpreting information from either unimodal or hetermodal
examples: parietal associados areas, frontal associaiotn areas

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9
Q

what are sensory and motor areas subdivisions of

A

primary cortical areas

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10
Q

primary cortical areas

A

receive information from peripheral receptors
little interpretation

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11
Q

sensory areas

A
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12
Q

motor areas

A
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13
Q

association area

A
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14
Q

forebrain

A

cortex and grey matter nuclei
divides into the telencephalon and diencephalon

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15
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebral hemispheres
deep structures

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16
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
sub thalamus

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17
Q

gyrus

A

ridges

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18
Q

sulci

A

furrows

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19
Q

naming sulci

A

many have names e.g. central sulcus
large sulci= fissures

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20
Q

naming gyri

A

based on their function and location

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21
Q

what divides lobes of brain

A

sulci

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22
Q

lateral view of brain lobes

A
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23
Q

medial view of brain lobes

A
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24
Q

further subdivisions of the brain

A

motor areas
visual areas
motor related areas
somatosensory areas
auditory areas
insular cortex
language areas
other association areas

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25
Q

components of the motor areas

A

primary motor area
supplementary motor area, premotor association area

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26
Q

primary motor area

A

in the pre central gyrus of the frontal lobe
responsible for motor output to the contralateral side of the body
outflow from the primary motor area makes up the corticospinal tract

27
Q

supplementary motor area, premotor association area

A

located anterior to the primary motor area in frontal lobe
lies superior to the premotor area
supplementary: motor maps for posture, efferents innervate limbs and truncal musculature
premotor: involved in higher order processing and integration of motor information

28
Q

location of motor areas

A
29
Q

what are the motor related areas

A

frontal eye fields
motor hand area

30
Q

frontal eye fields

A

located in the supplementary motor area
extend anteriorly
involved in eye movements

31
Q

motor hand area

A

hook shaped segment of the pre central gyrus located posterior to the frontal eye fields
responsbile for motor hand function

32
Q

location of motor related areas

A
33
Q

what are the different somatosensory areas

A

primary somatosensory
somatosensory association areas

34
Q

primary somatosensory areas

A

located in the post central gyrus of the parietal lobe
sensory afferents from contralateral peripheral receptors travel to the thalamus and ultimately project to the primary somatosensory areas
afferent projections retain somatotopic organisation

35
Q

somatosensory association areas

A

located posterior to the primary somatosensory area
allows for interpretation of the significance of sensory information: touch, pressure, proprioceptive information

36
Q

location of somatosensory areas

A
37
Q

different visual areas

A

primary visual
visual association

38
Q

primary visual areas

A
39
Q

visual association areas

A
40
Q

location of the visual areas

A
41
Q

auditory areas

A

primary auditory
auditory association areas

42
Q

primary auditory area

A
43
Q

auditory association area

A
44
Q

location of auditory areas

A
45
Q

divisions of the insular cortex

A

insular cortex
primary gustatory areas

46
Q

insular cortex

A

wide array of functions
involvement in consciousness, emotion, self-awareness and cognitive functions

47
Q

primary gustatory area

A

important primary sensory area
for taste
located in the insular cortex within the lateral fissure

48
Q

location of insular cortex

A
49
Q

divisions of language areas

A

broca area
wernicke area

50
Q

language areas

A
51
Q

broca area

A
52
Q

wernicke area

A
53
Q

location of language areas

A
54
Q

other association areas

A

frontal
parietal
temporal

55
Q

frontal association areas

A

in the frontal lobe
anterior to the supplementary motor areas
referred to as the prefrontal cortex
has extensive connections with other areas of the brain: sensory and motor cortices, basal ganglia, cerebellum, amygdala, hypothalamus and brain stem
for executive function: memory, problem solving, planning and cognitive flexibility

56
Q

parietal association areas

A

posterior to the primary somatosensory area (post central gyrus)
involved in orientating our attention in time and space and highly inter-connected with the prefrontal cortex

57
Q

temporal association areas

A

widespread across the temporal lobe
critical for making link between visual stimulus of a face or object and its meaning or identity

58
Q

location of other associational areas in the brain

A
59
Q

classification of association cortex

A

unimodal or heteromodal

60
Q

unimodal association cortex

A

involved in single functions sensory or motor

61
Q

heteromodal association cortex

A

involved in integrating functions form multiple modalities (sensory and/or motor)

62
Q

location of the different classifications of association cortex

A
63
Q

label the image

A

Medicine Unit 6 (23 decks)

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