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Ronnie's lectures > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

what is stroke?

A
  • It is the destruction of a portion of the brain that is is a results of lack of circulation in speicifc vessels
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2
Q

What are the two types of strokes?

A
  • Ischeamic

- Herrmoharge

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3
Q

What are the two types of ischeamic stroke?

A
  • Thrombotic

- Embolic

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4
Q

what are the differences between thrombotic and embolic ischeamic stroke?

A

Thrombotic:

  • Caused by platelet aggregation
  • Onset is slow can occur during sleep
  • Risk factors include large vessles e.g atherosclerosis

Embolic:

  • Cuased by fragments formed outside the brain break and travel to vesles inside the brain
  • Onset is abrupt and can occur during execise
  • Risk factors include Afib or valve disease
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5
Q

What are the three types of hemorrhagic stroke?

A
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage - bursting of aneurysm (less common)
  • Intracerebral hemorrhage - caused due to hypertension
  • Intraventricular hemorrhage - an extension of ICH
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6
Q

Bleeding around the brain is subarachnoid hemorrhage. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Bleeding inside brain is Intracerebral, intraventricular. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

What are some symptoms of stroke?

A
  • Ataxia
  • Aphasia
  • facial drop
  • N&V
  • Dizziness
  • Confusion
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9
Q

What are the steps for acute managment of stroke?

A
  • Diagnosis of stroke
  • Define stroke type
  • Acute general medicines
  • Re-perfusion
  • Neuroprotection
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10
Q

Ischeamic region on a CT scan appears black due to oedema that has occured. true or flase?

A

true

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11
Q

Describe the pathology of ischemia?

A
  • Ischemia leads to energy deficit
  • Na+k+ channels fail to work
  • leads to oedema
  • Leads to narrowing of extracellular matrix
  • Leads to restricted diffusion of water within the cell
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12
Q

In the absence of blood flow, available energy can maitian neuronal viability for 2-3 minutes. TRUE OR FLASE/

A

TRUE

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13
Q

The penumbra is potentilly salvageabke with early recannalization. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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14
Q

The penumbra is salvageable due to the fact that it is hypoperfused due to collateral blood flow. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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15
Q

What does rt-PA stand for?

A
  • Recombinant thrombolysis plasminogen activator
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16
Q

What si the Mr of rt-PA?

A
  • 68,000 daltons
17
Q

rt-PA preferentially activates plasminogen bound to fibrin. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of rt-PA?

A
  • Converts plasminogen into plasmin which lyses fibrin clots
19
Q

What is alteplase indicated for?

A
  • Ischemic stroke
20
Q

what are the side effects for alteplase?

A
  • Bleeding
21
Q

Thrombolytic drugs can be used to treat ischemic stroke. true or false?

A

true

22
Q

what is the issue with thrombolytic drugs and older clots?

A
  • older clots are more difficult to treat as they have more fibrin cross-linkages which reduces the efficacies of these drugs
23
Q

What are the causes of hemorrhagic transformation?

A
  • Damaged blood vessels
  • Injured blood vessels become leaky
  • Restored blood flow leads to hermorrhage
24
Q

What are the symptoms of hermorrhagic transformation?

A
  • increased BP
  • Neurological damage is worsened
  • Respiratory changes
25
Q

What are the managements for HT?

A
  • control BP
  • Possible surgery
  • CT
  • Avoid use of anticoagulants
26
Q

what is the point of neuroprotection?

A
  • NT aims to block the molecular cascade of injury following ischaemic stroke to minimise size of injury and to extend therapeutic window
27
Q

What are the preventive steps to take to prevent stroke?

A
  • Healthy lifestyle
  • Public awarness
  • Education
  • The earlier it is detected the better the outcome
28
Q

What are the modifiable and non-modfiable risk factors of stroke?

A 
Modifiable risks 
- Hypertension 
- Diabetes 
-High cholesterol
Non-modifiable risks 
- Age 
- Gender 
- Heredity

Ronnie's lectures (12 decks)

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