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Ronnie's lectures > Anaesthesia > Flashcards

Anaesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

what is anesthesia?

A
  • It is the reversible loss of noxious stimuli
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2
Q

what are the different types of anaesthesia and how does each type work?

A
  • Local - numbs small area of the body
  • IV - causes mild sedation and relaxes you
  • Regional - causes numbeness is one part of the body e.g epdiural
  • General - associated with loss of consciuouness
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3
Q

what is the mechanism of local anaesthetics?

A
  • They block transmission of signals generated by nociceptors
  • Block na+ channels which prevents depolarisation and hence action potential formation
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4
Q

give examples of local anaethtics drugs and their durtaion of actions?

A
  • Lidocaine - short acting fast onset

- Mepivacaine is long cating fast onset

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5
Q

The addition of vasoconstrictors e.g epinephrine can lead to extention of duration of action of local anaesthetics. true or false?

A

true

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6
Q

How can local anaesthtics be administered?

A
  • Topically
  • infilitration - injection of intradermal and subcutaneous
  • Regional block- injection to connective tissue
  • Epidural
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7
Q

Epidurals can cause motor deficits at higher doses. true ro false?

A

treu

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8
Q

what do general anaethesia cause?

A
  • Loss of consciouness
  • Analgesia
  • Amnesia
  • Muscle relaxant
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9
Q

For general anaesthetics what are the premedication given?

A
  • Sedatives (anxiollytics)

- Analgesia (NSAIDS)

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10
Q

intravenous anaesthetics is for induction and short procedures. true ro false?

A

true

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11
Q

inhalation anaesthetics is for maitainance. true ro false?

A

true

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12
Q

Provide examples of drugs for Inhalation anaethetics, IV, pain killers, Relaxants and adiuvants?

A
  • Inhalation anaethetics : (N2O)
  • IV - (propofol)
  • pain killers (NSAIDS, pacetamol)
  • Relaxants - depolarising (succinilcholine), non depolarising (atracurium)
  • adiuvants - diazepam
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13
Q

what are the advantages of inhalation anaesthesia?

A
  • Controls the depth of anaesthesia
  • Metabolism is minimal
  • Excreted via exhalation
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14
Q

what are the two divisions of inhalation anesthetics?

A
  • Volatile liquids

- gases

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15
Q

what are the three theories of how inhalation anaesthtics work?

A
  • Cause generalised depression of CNS
  • lipid solubility theory
  • direct membrane receptor (interaction with ion channel)
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16
Q

what is the anaethetic depth determined by?

A
  • The partial pressure in the brain
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17
Q

how do the anaethtic molecules reach the brain?

A
  • Inspired air - alveoli - blood - brain
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18
Q

The minimum alveolar anaesthetic conc (MAC) is the % of the inspired air at which 50% of patients do not respond to the stimuli. true ro false?

A

true

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19
Q

MAC value is a measure of what?

A
  • Inhalation anethetic potency
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20
Q

what does a high MAC value equal?

A
  • Low potency
21
Q

what MAC value are used during surgery?

A

1.1 to 1.2

22
Q

Ether is flammable. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TREU

23
Q

What is the blood gas partition co-effeicient?

A
  • It is a measure of solubility in the blood
24
Q

what does the blood gas partition co-efficient determine?

A
  • The rate of induction an drecovery of inhalation anasthetics
25
Q

what does the oil partition co-efficient measure?

A
  • It measurs solubiltiy
26
Q

The higher the oil partition coeffecient the lower the MAC.TRUE OR FALEE?

A

TRUE

27
Q

the higher the lipid solubility the higher the pontency of the anaesthtic. true or false?

A

true

28
Q

Ether has highest Blood/gas PC
Halothane has the highest Oil/gals PC. true or flase?
for inhalation anasethtics

A

true

29
Q

Isoflurane is a less soluble isomer of enflurane, and is widely used. true or false?

A

true

30
Q

Isoflurane potentiates the action of neuromuscular blockers. true or false?

A

true

31
Q

why is isoflurane an agent of choice for neurosuregry?

A
  • because cerebral blood flow is little affected by isoflurane
32
Q

Uterine tone is maintaine with isoflurane compared to halothane or enflurane. true ro false?

A

true

33
Q

isoflurane is used to reduce post-patrum hermorrhage. true or false?

A

true

34
Q

halothane is non-flammable volatile aneathtic. true ro false?

A

true

35
Q

what are the issues with halothane?

A
  • Increase myocardial excytability
  • BP drops due to CNS depression
  • Cerebral blood flow is increased so contraindicated in head injury patient s
  • Not a good analgesic
  • can produce massive hepatic necrosis
  • Cuases malignant hyperthermia
36
Q

Nitrous oxide is used during child birth, used as na adjunct, weak, risks of bone marrow depression with prolonged use. true ro false?

A

true

37
Q

what are IV induction agents used for?

A
  • Inductio of anaesthesia
38
Q

Recovery of IV induction agents is by redistribution. true or false?

A

true

39
Q

hwo does propofol work?

A

They modulate GABAergic neuronal transmission

40
Q

propofol is
Anti-emetic in action
Non-irritant to airways. true or false?

A

true

41
Q

Sodium thiopental is Rapid-onset ultra-short acting barbiturate, it binds to GABAAreceptor, increases the duration of time for which the Cl-ionoporeis open. True ro false?

A

true

42
Q

what is the short duration of action of sodium thiopental due to?

A

due to its redistribution away from central circulation towards muscle and fat

43
Q

what are the adverse reactions of sodium thiopental?

A
  • Hypotension

- airway obstruction

44
Q

Ketamine is a general dissociative anaesthetic

Ketamine is classified as an NMDA Receptor Antagonist. true or false?

A

true

45
Q

Heart rate and BP are elevated due to sympathetic stimulation with ketamines. true or false?

A

true

46
Q

Respiration is not depressed and reflexes are not abolished with ketamine. true or false?

A

true

47
Q

General anaesthetics:
Sample gases: Nitrous oxide and Xenon
Halogenated hydrocarbons: Isoflurane
Barbiturates: Thiopental. TRUE OR FALSSE?

A

TRUE

48
Q

Local anaesthetics:
Ester: Cocaine, Procaine, Tetracaine
Amide: Lidocaine, Bupivacaine. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

49
Q

All local anaesthetics drugs work by inhibition of Na+ channel. true ro false?

A

true

Ronnie's lectures (12 decks)

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