Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ronnie's lectures > Parkinson's disease > Flashcards

Parkinson's disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is parkinson’s disease?

A
  • It is a movement disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the risk factors of parkinson’s disease?

A
  • Genetics
  • Gender
  • Life experiences
  • Smoking
  • caffeine
  • Enviornmental exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the motor clinical features of PD?

A
  • Posture
  • Hypokinesia
  • resting tremor
  • Rigidity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are some nonmotor clinical symptoms of PD?

A
  • Neuropsychiatric
  • Sensory
  • Sleep disturbances
  • Autonomic dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are lewy bodies?

A
  • Eosinophilic inclusions caused by alpha syno-synuclein accumulation in neurons particuarly numerous in substantia nigra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

L-DOPA is a precursor to DA alleviates some of the symptoms in the early stages of parkinson’s. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

decreased striatal dopamine causes increased inhibitory output from basal ganglia which suppresses movement. TRUE RO FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dopamine levels are severely reduced in the striatum of PD patients. TREU RO FLASE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why does dopamine not cross the BBB?

A
  • It is too polar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the naturally occuring amino acid precursor of dopamine/

A
  • Levodopa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does DOPA stand for?

A
  • Dihydroxyphenylalanine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Levodopa cannot cross the BBB. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is L-Dopa transported into the BBB?

A
  • Via an amino acid transporter system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens to L-DOPA when it crosses the BBB?

A
  • It is decarboxylated to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

L-DOPA being decarboxylated to dopamine in the Brain is an example of a pro-drug. TREU RO FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Levodopa is the least effective drug for the treatment of PD? TRUE OR FALSE?

A
  • TRUE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is levodopa metabolised and excreted?

A
  • Liver

- Excreted in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

95% of levodopa is decarboxylated to dopamine. TREU RO FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

L-Dopa is decarboxylated to dopamine in the peripheral tissue. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Large doses of L-Dopa are required which leads to increased risks of ADRs of L-dopa and dopamine. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is carbidopa?

A
  • It is an inhibitor of amino acid decarboxylase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the CNS ADRs and peripheral ADRs?

A
  • CNS
  • nausea, depression, anxiety

Peripheral

  • cardiovascular side effects
  • Motor compications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are some drug interactions with levodopa?

A
  • Pyridoxine metabolises levodopa

- Phenothiazines antagonises the effects of levodopa

24
Q

Levodopa is contraindicated in psychotic patients. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

25
Q

what is motor complications?

A
  • Motor flunctuations
26
Q

what is dyskinesia?

A
  • The inability to control muscles

- leads to unvoluntary movement of muscles

27
Q

when does dyskinesia usually occur?

A
  • When drug levels peak
28
Q

PSD is a progressive and degenerative disease. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

29
Q

what can you do to reduce side effects or motor complications?

A
  • Give smaller doses
  • Give prolonged controlled release of levedopa/carbidopa to reduce fluctuantions
  • Brain stimulations
  • Adjunct therapies
30
Q

what do D1 receptor (dopamine agonists) do?

A
  • They increase cAMP leading to excitatory effects (stimulates ca2+)
31
Q

what do D2 receptors (dopamine agonist) do?

A
  • They decrease levels of cAMP whihc has inhibitory effects (inhibits ca2+)
32
Q

what are the advantages and diads of dopamine agonist for treatment of PD?

A

Ads:

  • Reduced fluctuantions
  • directly stimulates dopamine rceptors
  • No competition with AA
  • LOnger half life

Disads:

  • Not as effective as levodopa
  • Higher rate of confusion
33
Q

what is Ergot deravative?

A
  • It is the first generation dopamine derivative
34
Q

Ergot derivatives have ben discontinued due to severe side effects. TRUE RO FALSE?

A
  • TRUE
35
Q

what are the side effects of Ergot derivatives?

A
  • heart Valve disease
36
Q

Ergot derivatives have longer half lives compared to levedopa. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

37
Q

what are non ergot derivatives?

A
  • They are selective D2 dopamine agonist (first in-line therapy for newly diognosed patients under 70)
38
Q

Non ergot derivatives are effective against tremors. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

39
Q

Rotigotine (non ergot derivative) is given as a transdermal patch. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

40
Q

what are ADRs of non ergot derivatives?

A
  • Psychosis in elderly and postural hypotension
41
Q

what is apomorphine?

A
  • A derivative of morphine that has similar stucture to dopamine
42
Q

Apomorphine is a full agonist of D1 na dD2 receptors. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

43
Q

when are apomorphines maily used?

A
  • In advanced PD with patients over 70 years
44
Q

What are teh ADRs of apomorphine?

A
  • Causes respiratory depression if overload
45
Q

apomorphine must be combined with antiemtic drugs because of it powerful emetic action. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

46
Q

What does COMT stand for?

A
  • Catechol O-methyl transferase inhibitors
47
Q

what do COMT do?

A
  • They prevent degradation of dopamine by inhibiting COMT
48
Q

what are COMT Inhibitors used for?

A
  • Early and flunctauating PD
49
Q

MAO (B) inhibitors are given as an adjunct therapy with patients with reduced response to Levodopa. TREU OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

50
Q

MAO inhibiotors doe not reduce mild on-off phenomena. TREU RO FALSE?

A

FALSE

51
Q

what is Amantadine?

A

is an antiviral agent used to treat prophylaxis of influenza A2

52
Q

Amantadine has been known to improve PD syptoms, but mechanism is unknown. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

53
Q

Amantadine can be given alone or as a adjunct therapy. TRUE RO FALSE?

A

TRUE

54
Q

What are anticholinergics used for?

A
  • effective in tremor and regidity

- reduces cholinergic activity

55
Q

what are the CNS side effects of anticholinergics?

A
  • Drowsiness, confusion

- Dry mouth

56
Q

Withdrawal with anticholinergics should be gradual to prevent acute PD excerbations. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

57
Q

summarise the drugs fro PD treatments?

A
  • Levodopa
  • Dopamine agonists
  • Ergot and non ergot derivatives
  • Apamophine
  • COMT I
  • MAO I
  • Amantadine
  • Anticholinergics

Ronnie's lectures (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions