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Ronnie's lectures > Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia > Flashcards

Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two major psychotic disorders?

A
  • Bipolar disorder

- Schizophrenia

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2
Q

what is bipolar disorder?

A
  • It is also known as manic-depressive disorder and it is changes in mood swings from up lifted and energteic to depressive and low energy
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3
Q

what are mood episodes?

A
  • They are periods of unusual intense emotion
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4
Q

A psychotic person has lost contact with reality, they are dilutional and have hallucinations. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Bipolar disorder often leads to suicide. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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6
Q

what is mania?

A
  • it ocurs as a result of functional excess monoamine NT

Overreactivity/ increased drive

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7
Q

what are the treatments for bipolar disorder?

A
  • Li+ ion
  • Antipsychotic drugs
  • Others e.g antiepileptic drugs
  • SUpport gorups
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8
Q

How do Li+ ions work?

A
  • Inhibit enzymes (GSK3)
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9
Q

Li+ is nephrotoxic. TREU RO FALSE?

A

TRUE

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10
Q

what some drug interactions with lithium?

A
  • Ace inhibitors
  • drugs that reduce renal clearnce
  • diuretics
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11
Q

what are some ADRs of lithium?

A
  • Low doses - dry mouth and incresaed thirst
  • overdose can lead to coma and death
  • Long term causes diabetes
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12
Q

Li+ can be poisonous at high doses. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Li+ has a narrow therapeutic window. TREU OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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14
Q

what is schizophrenia?

A
  • Severe psychotic disorder affceting feeling and cogntive function
  • Can lead to suicide
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15
Q

what causes schizophrenia?

A
  • Stress
  • Genetics
  • recreational drugs
  • damage
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16
Q

what are the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A
  • Positive:
  • Hallucinations
  • Thought disorder
  • Delusions

Negative:

  • Withdrawal from social life
  • Unwilling to carry out daily taks
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17
Q

what are the brain abnormalities caused due to schizophrenia?

A
  • Enlarged ventricles (implies loss of brain cells)

- Reduced activity of frontal cortex

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18
Q

Dopamine synthesis has been known to increase brain signals leading to positive symptoms. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

19
Q

Phenothiazines and other neuroleptics drugs block the D2 receptors and alleviate positve symptoms. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

20
Q

how do conventional anti-psychotic drugs work?

A
  • Block CNS dopamine receptors in mesolimbic pathway

they have high affinity for D2 family receptors

21
Q

conventional antipyschotic drugs undergo extensive first pass metabolism. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

22
Q

How are conventional antipyschotic drugs eliminated?

A
  • Via metabolism in the liver
23
Q

conventional antipyschotic drugs takes two weeks to work. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

24
Q

why have depot formulations of conventional antipyschotic drugs been developed?

A
  • Because adherence is poor
25
Q

give an example of an anti-psychotic drug?

A
  • Pimozide
26
Q

what are some ADRs of conventional antipyschotic drugs?

A
  • Hypothermia
  • Drowsiness
  • Antimuscarinic effects
  • Extrapyramidal effects
27
Q

why do extrapyramidal effects arise?

A
  • Due to blockage of D2 receptors in mesolimbic and nigrostriatal pathway
28
Q

for anti-pyschotic drugs to be effective they must reduce dopamine activity to normal levels. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

29
Q

what other NT are involved in schizpphrenia?

A
  • Serotonin
  • GABA
  • Glutamate
30
Q

treatment targeted these Serotonin, GABA, Glutamate are looking promising. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

31
Q

phenycyclidine is a NMDA receptor antagonist. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

32
Q

NMDA receptor antagonist can produce both positive and negative psychotic symptoms. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

33
Q

Amphetamines only produce positive pychotic symptoms. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

34
Q

NMDA antagonists blocks ca2+ channel. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

35
Q

how do atypical antipsychotic drugs dwork?

A
  • Block serotonin, dopamine, Na+ and Ach receptors
36
Q

atipycal anti-psychotic can lead to treatment for both positive and negative psychotic symptoms. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

37
Q

Clozapine is more effective than conventional antipsychotic drugs in treatment of resistent patients. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

38
Q

Atypical antipsychotics undergo extensive metabolism to the inactive metabolite. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

39
Q

some Atypical antipsychotics e.g olanzopine can be given as depot formulation. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

40
Q

agranulocytosis is an issue with clozapine. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

41
Q

what two atipycal antipsychotic drugs cause weight? gain

A

Clozapine and olanzapine

42
Q

which are less likely to cause extrapyrimidal effects atipycal or typical antipsychotics?

A
  • Atipycal
43
Q

atipycal antipsychotics are first in line. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TREU

44
Q

what some pros and cons for atypical antipsychotic drugs?

A
  • Less likely to cause extrapyrimidal effects
  • at least equal efficacy on positive symptoms
  • better on treating negative symptoms
  • Possible advantage on cognition and mood

Cons:

  • weight gain
  • Expenses

Ronnie's lectures (12 decks)

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