Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia Flashcards
what are the two major psychotic disorders?
- Bipolar disorder
- Schizophrenia
what is bipolar disorder?
- It is also known as manic-depressive disorder and it is changes in mood swings from up lifted and energteic to depressive and low energy
what are mood episodes?
- They are periods of unusual intense emotion
A psychotic person has lost contact with reality, they are dilutional and have hallucinations. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Bipolar disorder often leads to suicide. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
what is mania?
- it ocurs as a result of functional excess monoamine NT
Overreactivity/ increased drive
what are the treatments for bipolar disorder?
- Li+ ion
- Antipsychotic drugs
- Others e.g antiepileptic drugs
- SUpport gorups
How do Li+ ions work?
- Inhibit enzymes (GSK3)
Li+ is nephrotoxic. TREU RO FALSE?
TRUE
what some drug interactions with lithium?
- Ace inhibitors
- drugs that reduce renal clearnce
- diuretics
what are some ADRs of lithium?
- Low doses - dry mouth and incresaed thirst
- overdose can lead to coma and death
- Long term causes diabetes
Li+ can be poisonous at high doses. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Li+ has a narrow therapeutic window. TREU OR FALSE?
TRUE
what is schizophrenia?
- Severe psychotic disorder affceting feeling and cogntive function
- Can lead to suicide
what causes schizophrenia?
- Stress
- Genetics
- recreational drugs
- damage
what are the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
- Positive:
- Hallucinations
- Thought disorder
- Delusions
Negative:
- Withdrawal from social life
- Unwilling to carry out daily taks
what are the brain abnormalities caused due to schizophrenia?
- Enlarged ventricles (implies loss of brain cells)
- Reduced activity of frontal cortex
Dopamine synthesis has been known to increase brain signals leading to positive symptoms. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Phenothiazines and other neuroleptics drugs block the D2 receptors and alleviate positve symptoms. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
how do conventional anti-psychotic drugs work?
- Block CNS dopamine receptors in mesolimbic pathway
they have high affinity for D2 family receptors
conventional antipyschotic drugs undergo extensive first pass metabolism. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
How are conventional antipyschotic drugs eliminated?
- Via metabolism in the liver
conventional antipyschotic drugs takes two weeks to work. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
why have depot formulations of conventional antipyschotic drugs been developed?
- Because adherence is poor
give an example of an anti-psychotic drug?
- Pimozide
what are some ADRs of conventional antipyschotic drugs?
- Hypothermia
- Drowsiness
- Antimuscarinic effects
- Extrapyramidal effects
why do extrapyramidal effects arise?
- Due to blockage of D2 receptors in mesolimbic and nigrostriatal pathway
for anti-pyschotic drugs to be effective they must reduce dopamine activity to normal levels. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
what other NT are involved in schizpphrenia?
- Serotonin
- GABA
- Glutamate
treatment targeted these Serotonin, GABA, Glutamate are looking promising. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
phenycyclidine is a NMDA receptor antagonist. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
NMDA receptor antagonist can produce both positive and negative psychotic symptoms. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
Amphetamines only produce positive pychotic symptoms. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
NMDA antagonists blocks ca2+ channel. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
how do atypical antipsychotic drugs dwork?
- Block serotonin, dopamine, Na+ and Ach receptors
atipycal anti-psychotic can lead to treatment for both positive and negative psychotic symptoms. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Clozapine is more effective than conventional antipsychotic drugs in treatment of resistent patients. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
Atypical antipsychotics undergo extensive metabolism to the inactive metabolite. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
some Atypical antipsychotics e.g olanzopine can be given as depot formulation. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
agranulocytosis is an issue with clozapine. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
what two atipycal antipsychotic drugs cause weight? gain
Clozapine and olanzapine
which are less likely to cause extrapyrimidal effects atipycal or typical antipsychotics?
- Atipycal
atipycal antipsychotics are first in line. TRUE OR FALSE?
TREU
what some pros and cons for atypical antipsychotic drugs?
- Less likely to cause extrapyrimidal effects
- at least equal efficacy on positive symptoms
- better on treating negative symptoms
- Possible advantage on cognition and mood
Cons:
- weight gain
- Expenses
