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Ronnie's lectures > Alzheimer's disease > Flashcards

Alzheimer's disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is degenerative disease?

A
  • The loss of brain function as a result of detoriation of neurons
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2
Q

what are the two branches that ND is slpit into?

A
  • Dementia

- Affecting movement

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3
Q

What are teh risk factors of ND?

A
  • inheritable
  • Increasing age
  • Depression
  • head trauma
  • stroke
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4
Q

What are mitotic and post-mitotic cells?

A

mitotic - proflilerate e.g endothelial, kidney

post-mitotic cells - cannot proliferate e.g brain, heart and muscles

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5
Q

Mitotic cells are major component of the haematopoiteic system and glial cells. true or false?

A

true

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6
Q

What are the current dogmas of ageing brain?

A
  • Insignficant loss of neurons
  • Evidence of brain plasiticity
  • Loss of synaptic connections
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7
Q

what is dementia?

A
  • Dementia is the progressive loss of cogntive function leading to global loss of cognitive ability
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8
Q

Dementia is nonspecific illness syndrome that affects speech, meomry, language generally in the cerebral cortex. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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9
Q

what are the common diseases leading to alzheimers?

A
  • V- vascular diseases
  • A - alzhemiers
  • D- drugs interactions
  • E- ethanol
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10
Q

what is the most common type of dementia?

A
  • Alzhemiers disease
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11
Q

The non-familial late onset alzhemiers is caused due to APOE. true or false?

A

true

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12
Q

What are the different types of APOE?

A

-APOE-2,3 and 4

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13
Q

APOE helps in carrying cholesterol in the body. true or flase?

A

true

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14
Q

In what chromosome is APOE found?

A

19

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15
Q

What are the environmental factors thst cause AD?

A
  • Head trauma, hypertension stroke and total chelosterol stress
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16
Q

Amyloid precursor protein is the precursors to amyloid plaques. true or false?

A

true

17
Q

How do beta-amyloids plaque forms?

A
  • Amyloid precusor protein is the precusor of amyloid plaques
  • APP sticks through the neuron membrane
  • Enzyme breaks the APP into fragments, including beta-amyloid
  • These fragments then join together and form clumps/plaques
  • These plaques are the ones that disrupt neurons in AD
18
Q

Beta-amyloid clumps/plaques affect the hippocampus and other regions of the cerebral cortex. true or false?

A

true

19
Q

In AD tau protein is phosphorylated, defective and detaches from mircotubule which causes loss of neuron connection. true or false?

A

true

20
Q

How does neurofibrillary tangles occur?

A
  • In AD tau proteins are phopshorylated, defective and detaches from microtubules
  • Leads to loss of neuron connection
  • Defective tau proteins then assemble in filamnest and form neurofribrillary tangles
  • This leads to loss of axonal transport and cell death
21
Q

Levels of Ach is abnormally low in AD. true or false?

A
  • true
22
Q

levels of Ach has been correlated with memory loss. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

23
Q

The features of the diseases is the loss of cholinergic neurons in hippocampus and frontal cortex. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

24
Q

What is the most common drug used to treat AD?

A
  • Donepezil
25
Q

Donezepil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

26
Q

Donezepil can cross the BBB and has 100% bioavailability. true or false?

A

true

27
Q

Rivastigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that inhibits both acetylcholsterase and butyrylcholisterase. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

28
Q

Rivastigmine has an oral bioavilability of 40% and can cross the BBB. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

29
Q

Galantamine inhibits Ach being converted to choline and acetic acid. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

30
Q

Galanthamine has a bioavailability of 80-100% and half life of 7 hours. true or false?

A

true

31
Q

Galanthamine has not shown to alter the underlying dementia processes. true or flase?

A

true

32
Q

what does mematine act on?

A
  • Acts on the glutamatergic system by blocking NMDA glutamate receptors
  • This blocks the toxic effects associated with excess glutamate and regulates glutamate activation
33
Q

Two current drug treatment for AD?

A
  • acetylcholinesterase

- NMDA anatagonist

Ronnie's lectures (12 decks)

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