Stress and the Immune Response

Question 1

stress response

Answer 1

all stressors produce physiological responses

Question 2

Hans Selye

Answer 2

ST stress = adaptive changes that help the animal respond to stress
LT stress = maladaptive changes

Question 3

stress

Answer 3

activates the anterior pituitary adrenal cortex

stimulating the release of ACTH

which triggers the release of glucocorticoids (best way to measure)

Question 4

sympathetic nervous system adrenal medulla system

Answer 4

affects the immune response by increasing levels of cytokines

Question 5

activate SNS

Answer 5

sympathetic nervous system

increasing levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 6

conspecifics

Answer 6

members of the same species

Question 7

subordination stress

Answer 7

when younger males are introduced to alpha males they are attacked
- they are then more likely to do this themselves

Question 8

h pylori

Answer 8

combined with stress = gastric ulcers

Question 9

psychosomatic disorders

Answer 9

gastric ulcers

involve stress and an illness

Question 10

psychoneuroimmunoligy

Answer 10

study of interaction among psychological factors, nervous system and immune system

Question 11

innate immune system

Answer 11

reacts quickly near sites of pathogens

activated when toll-like receptors bind to molecules on the surface of pathogens

inflammation
immune response
release of chemicals from damaged cells (cytokines - help heal) which attract teratogens (white blood cells) and phagocytes (engulf and destroy pathogens)

Question 12

microglia

Answer 12

form of phagocyte in CNS

Question 13

phagocytosis

Answer 13

destruction of pathogens

Question 14

adaptive immune system

Answer 14

slower, only in primates, specific antigens, has memory

main cells are specialised leukocytes (lymphocytes) - produced in bone marrow
B cells and T cells
cell mediated immunity 
antibody mediated immunity 
memory B cells

Question 15

B cells

Answer 15

antibody mediated immunity

Question 16

T cells

Answer 16

cell mediated immunity

Question 17

cell mediated immunity

Answer 17

T cells
phagocyte ingests pathogen
displays its microbodies on its T cells
then multiplies

Question 18

antibody mediated immunity

Answer 18

B cells bind to a foreign antigen
they multiply and create antibodies
they bind and destroy pathogens

Question 19

memory B cells

Answer 19

for the specific antigen are also produced during the process:
have long life
accelerate antibody-mediated immunity if there is another infection by the same microorganism.

Question 20

eustress

Answer 20

positive stress

Question 21

distress

Answer 21

negative stress

Question 22

how does it affect immune function?

Answer 22

anterior-pituitary adrenal cortex system
changes throughout the body

indirect - loss of sleep, poor diet

Question 23

hippocampus

Answer 23

linked to stress

mediated by high levels of glucocorticoids