Depression

Question 1

reactive depression

Answer 1

triggered by negative experience

Question 2

endogenous depression

Answer 2

no apparent cause

Question 3

affective disorder

Answer 3

depression

disturbances of mood or emotion

Question 4

concordance rates

Answer 4

Mz = 60%
Dz = 15%

Question 5

monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Answer 5

Iproniazid 
monoamine agonist (increases levels of monoamines by inhibiting monoamine oxidase)

• cheese effect - side effect - blood pressure risks

Question 6

tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 6

Impipramine

block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine which increases levels in the brain

Question 7

selective monoamine-reuptake inhibitors

Answer 7

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s)

- blocks reuptake of serotonin (Floexitine/Prozac)

Question 8

mood stabilisers

Answer 8

Lithium

treats mania without affecting depression

Question 9

brain structures involved

Answer 9

reduction in overall brain size and in specific structures:

amygdala
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus

Question 10

monoamine theory

Answer 10

under-activity in serotenergic and noradrenergic synapses

up-regulation = find more synapses as the body tries to over compensate

Question 11

neuroplasticity theory

Answer 11

therapeutic effects of drugs take weeks to take effect

must be something further downstream

neuron loss in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus

Question 12

Brown (1993)

Answer 12

84% experience stress in previous year

32% of control do

Question 13

diathesis-stress model

Answer 13

people have a predisposition for depression

environmental factors then increase the chance of developing it