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Neuroscience > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Mendel

A

inheritance in pea plants

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2
Q

dichotomous traits

A

occur in one form or another

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3
Q

dominant trait

A

appears in all 1st generation

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4
Q

recessive trait

A

1/4 of second generation

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5
Q

phenotype

A

observable traits

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6
Q

genotype

A

genetic material

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7
Q

homozygous

A

identical alleles

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8
Q

heterozygous

A

different alleles

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9
Q

two genes controlling the same trait

A

alleles

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10
Q

where are genes found?

A

chromosomes

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11
Q

how many chromosomes are there?

A

23 pairs

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12
Q

meiosis

A

cell division producing gametes (sex cell division)

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13
Q

mitosis

A

chromosomes double then split

all non sex cells

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14
Q

genetic recombination

A

genetic diversity increase (cross over at random points)

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15
Q

what does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribosenucleic acid

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16
Q

what is each strand of DNA made of?

A

nucleotide basis

adenine - thymine
guanine - cytosine

17
Q

replication

A

makes mitotic cell division possible

18
Q

autosomal chromosome

A

typical

matched pairs chromosomes

19
Q

sex chromosomes

A

non identical chromosomes that determine sex

20
Q

structural genes

A

synthesise proteins (long chains of amino acids)

21
Q

non structural genes

A

allow the development of different cells

contain enhancers
- stretches of DNA that determine what structural genes produce proteins at what rate

22
Q

gene expression

A

how a gene will develop

23
Q

transcription factors

A

protein binded to DNA controlling expression

24
Q

expression of a structural gene

A

small section of chromosome that contain gene unravels

serves as a base for ribonucleic acid (RNA) + nucleotide base uracil = phosphate ribose backbone = messenger RNA (mRNA)

mRNA attaches to ribosome in cytoplasm - moves along DNA translating genetic code

codon - group of 3 consecutive nucleotide basis along mRNA (instructs what amino acid is being constructed)

transfer RNA - carries amino acid to ribosome

25
Q

expression

A

DNA -> mRNA -> tRNA -> RIBOSOMES -> AMINO ACID CHAINS = PROTEINS

26
Q

mitochondrial DNA

A

have their own

useful for looking at genetic evolution as they mutate frequently

27
Q

phenylketonia (PKU)

A

gene metabolic disorder transmitted in a single gene mutation

28
Q

heritability estimate

A

numerical estimation of the proportion of variance that occurred in a particular trait as a result of genetic variation

Neuroscience (15 decks)

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