streams

Question 1

the initial driving force

evaporation and then condensation

Answer 1

sun

Question 2

mountain range

a streams beginning

Answer 2

source

Question 3

a streams end 
another body of water 
ocean 
lake 
River

Answer 3

mouth

Question 4

landform at mouth that projects into another quiet body of water
Mississippi
Nile

Answer 4

delta

Question 5

a River and all of its tributaries

Answer 5

River system

Question 6

a stream that ends in the main River

Answer 6

tributary

Question 7

the area of land drained by a River system

Answer 7

drainage basin

Question 8

watersheds

all of the water that falls in a certain watershed will remain in the watershed

Answer 8

basins

Question 9

ridges that separate watersheds
two major divides (continental) in the US
Appalachians and Rocky Mountains

Answer 9

divide

Question 10

V-shaped
down-cutting
few tributaries

Answer 10

youthful- stage 1

Question 11

floodplain develops

more tributaries

Answer 11

mature- stage 2

Question 12

meandering channel, lots of tributaries
wide floodplain
oxbows and cut-offs

Answer 12

old stage- stage 3

Question 13

channel and v-shaped valley 
floodplain
point bar
cut bank
tributaries 
source
mouth and delta 
meanders and oxbow lakes

Answer 13

parts of a River

Question 14

water overflows banks and floods the floodplain
caused by heavy rainfall, snow melt
most pronounced in the spring
most erosion occurs during this

Answer 14

flooding

Question 15

large material carried alon the bed or bottom of the stream

boulders, pebbles, and sand

Answer 15

bed loads

Question 16

material that is held in suspension

clay and silts

Answer 16

suspend load

Question 17

minerals that have been dissolved by the water

can’t be seen, must be tested chemically

Answer 17

dissolved load

Question 18

the amount of water moving by a certain point of a stream
multiply the volume of a River by its velocity and you will get discharge
usually measured in cubic feet per second
speed depends mostly on a streams gradient
volume usually depends on amount of rainfall and drainage basin size

Answer 18

discharge

Question 19

a period in which ice extends farther than normal
last one began about 1 million years ago
returned to normal about 12000 years ago

Answer 19

Ice ages

Question 20

cool summers

little or no ice melts

Answer 20

period of cooling

Question 21

what causes cooling

Answer 21

change in Suns energy
earths tilt, orbit
change in positions of continents
volcanos

Question 22

leads to cooling of the polar regions

Answer 22

milankovitch cycle

Question 23

changes CO2 content
less CO2
less global warming gases
reef building

Answer 23

limestone

Question 24

form in mountains

rivers of ice

Answer 24

alpine valley

Question 25

ice sheets cover 100-1000 square miles Greenland and Antarctica

Answer 25

continental glaciers

Question 26

grinding of bedrock Rock is carried by glacier and scratches bedrock glacial grooves

Answer 26

abrasion

Question 27

glacier grabs rocks and pulls them out of the ground

Answer 27

pucking

Question 28

huge, flat areas

Answer 28

Great Plains

Question 29

huge flat areas glacial grooves the Great Lakes rebound terraces

Answer 29

continental- erosional

Question 30

``` piles of unlayered sediment lateral medial end recessional terminal moraines ```

Answer 30

depositional features

Question 31

layered

Answer 31

outwash

Question 32

``` sediment deposited by the glacier till outwash drumlins eskers Kames kettle lakes moraine-dammed lakes ```

Answer 32

continental deposits

Question 33

formed by waves weathering and eroding the shoreline

Answer 33

erosional

Question 34

waves attack land

Answer 34

erosion

Question 35

caused by storms off shore

Answer 35

waves

Question 36

length of open water | larger this is the larger the waves

Answer 36

FETCH

Question 37

deposit eroded material

Answer 37

sand and clay

Question 38

weathering and erosion from waves

Answer 38

rocky shore

Question 39

sand is pushed back from the deeper water | gulf coast of Florida

Answer 39

shells

Question 40

storms cause beaches to erode | short wavelengths

Answer 40

winter

Question 41

long wavelengths sand pushed onto shore beaches get rebuilt

Answer 41

summer

Question 42

wavelength/ period (ft/sec)

Answer 42

wave speed

Question 43

depth is 1/2 of wavelength

Answer 43

wave energy

Question 44

form when wave feels bottom

Answer 44

breaker

Question 45

wave is bent as it feels bottom wave energy is concentrated on headlands causes water and sand to move parallel to shore

Answer 45

wave refraction

Question 46

land that protrudes into the ocean

Answer 46

headland

Question 47

zigzag motion in surf zone

Answer 47

smash and backwash

Question 48

movement of loose earth material down a slope driving force is gravity can happen quickly or slowly Gravity is the driving force, but water is usually the trigger

Answer 48

mass movement

Question 49

``` steep slope over- steepening due to humans overloading the top of the e slope deforestation or removal of vegetation weak material such as shale is not resistant to weathering and erosion ```

Answer 49

how slides occur

Question 50

includes all precipitation that falls on land moves downhill due to gravity water comes together and forms streams and rivers an agent of weather and erosion

Answer 50

running water

Question 51

falls through the air

Answer 51

fall

Question 52

tumbling down the hill

Answer 52

flow

Question 53

``` slides down the hill Material can be divided into Rock mud debris ```

Answer 53

slide

Question 54

arid regions characterized by less than 25 cm of rain per year often hot, but dry, cold places like Antarctica qualify as these too

Answer 54

deserts

Question 55

what does warm air do at the equator

Answer 55

rises

Question 56

when does the dry air sink

Answer 56

when is reaches 30°

Question 57

caused by mountains

Answer 57

rain shadow effect

Question 58

rocks shaped by wind desert varnish desert pavement

Answer 58

ventifacts

Question 59

a hill made out of sand created by a series of winds form in different shapes and sizes

Answer 59

sand dunes

Question 60

crescent shaped with horns of the dune pointing downwind

Answer 60

barchan

Question 61

a giant ripple like sand dune formed at a right angle to the direction of the prevailing winds

Answer 61

transverse dunes

Question 62

depositional features made of bills of sand that are stabilized by vegetation at each end blowout

Answer 62

parabolic dunes

Question 63

depositional feature formed when wind is parallel to dune direction

Answer 63

longitudinal dunes

Question 64

resembles a star because the wind direction is variable

Answer 64

star dunes

Question 65

wind blown sediments | deposits can be very thick

Answer 65

loess

Question 66

water that flows underground | water is in the pore spaces of the rock

Answer 66

groundwater

Question 67

empty space in a rock

Answer 67

porosity

Question 68

concealed space in rocks | rate of water flowing through rock

Answer 68

permeability

Question 69

high porosity high permeability holds water

Answer 69

sandstone

Question 70

low permeability | no water

Answer 70

Shale