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Science mr caldwell > plate tectonics > Flashcards

plate tectonics Flashcards

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1
Q

solid nickel and iron

about 1000km thick

A

inner core

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2
Q

liquid
iron
2000 km thick

A

outer core

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3
Q

iron-rich Rock
about 3000 km thick
semi-solid
top of mantle called the asthenosphere

A

mantle

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4
Q

Rock/ crust

maximum thickness is about 100 km

A

lithosphere

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5
Q

proposed by wegener

noticed shape of continents, mountain ranges animal distribution

A

continental drift

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6
Q 
multiple super continents
most recent 
all land 
Atlantic Ocean is getting bigger
Pacific Ocean is getting smaller
A

Pangea

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7
Q

made of basalt

dense

A

oceanic plates

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8
Q

made of granite

less dense

A

continental plates

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9
Q

crust rests on the mantle

upper mantle is called the asthenosphere

A

convection currents

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10
Q

partially melted
moves slowly
moves crust

A

asthenosphere

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11
Q

compression of plates

A

converge

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12
Q

tension

pull apart

A

diverge

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13
Q

slide past eachother

A

transform

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14
Q

ocean plate is pushed under the crust

A

subduction

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15
Q

occurs when plates collide

A

boundary

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16
Q

island arc Japan

A

ocean-ocean subduction.

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17
Q

Andes mountain and volcanoes

A

ocean-continent subduction

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18
Q

Himalayas and Appalachians

A

continent- continent

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19
Q

rift zone

new crust is made

A

ocean-ocean

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20
Q

Rift Valley

A

continent-continent

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21
Q

new crust is made at the mid-ocean ridge

cooling rock “fossilize” the current magnetic field

A

seafloor spreading and paleomagnetism

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22
Q

normal polarity

reverse polarity

A

magnetic reversals

23
Q

measure distance from ridge to point on sea floor

divide distance by age of rocks

A

sea floor spreading rates

24
Q

volcanoes that occur in the middle of the plate
no plate boundaries
ex. Hawaii

A

hot spots

25
Q

plate moves

A

hotspot doesn’t

26
Q

ground motion caused by a geological event
energy is transferred through the earths crust
3 types of waves are generated

A

earthquakes

27
Q

earthquake causes

A

stress that builds up from the movement of plates

volcanoes
meteor impact
cavern collapse

28
Q

how many earthquakes occur each year

A

over one million per year

29
Q

where do large earthquakes usually occur

A

along subduction zones

30
Q

point directly above the focus on the earths surface

A

epicenter

31
Q

a break in movement. a sliding of the rocks

A

fault

32
Q

in the ground where the break happens or begins

A

focus

33
Q

energy builds up in the crust and then eventually cannot absorb anymore so it snaps and breaks

A

elastic rebound theory

34
Q

primary waves
compression waves
move very fast

A

p waves

35
Q

secondary waves
shear waves
move slower than p waves
do not travel through liquids

A

S waves

36
Q 
slowest waves 
travel short distances 
rolling motion
side to side motion 
cause most damage
A

L waves

37
Q

shield
composite
cinder cone

A

volcanoes

38
Q 
quiet eruptions 
non-explosive 
form at hot spots and rift zones 
basalt 
Hawaii is made up of these
A

shield volcanoes

39
Q

hazards of shield volcanoes

A

lava flows
gas releases
lahars

40
Q

opening at the top of any volcano

A

caldera

41
Q

very explosive
form along subduction plate boundaries
most explosive
contain layers of ash and lava

A

composite cones

42
Q

hazards of composite cones

A

rain of ash and bombs
deadly gases
lahars

43
Q

steep
piles of ash
form from high silica content lava

A

cinder cone

44
Q

hazards of a cinder cone volcano

A 
very explosive 
high gas content 
molten ash
bombs 
no lava flows
45
Q

compared rocks or fossils to one another

A

relative time

46
Q

actual age of a rock or fossil in years ago

A

absolute time

47
Q

absolute dates are determined

certain atoms radioactively decay

A

radiometric dating

48
Q

238

A

uranium

49
Q

40

A

potassium

50
Q

14

A

Carbon

51
Q

2 protons and 2 neutrons are emitted

A

alpha decay

52
Q

1 electron emitted

A

beta decay

53
Q

1 electron is captured

A

electron captured

54
Q

amount of time it takes for half of the radioactive element or the parent element to decay into stable daughter products

A

half-life

Science mr caldwell (9 decks)

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