plate tectonics

Question 1

solid nickel and iron

about 1000km thick

Answer 1

inner core

Question 2

liquid
iron
2000 km thick

Answer 2

outer core

Question 3

iron-rich Rock
about 3000 km thick
semi-solid
top of mantle called the asthenosphere

Answer 3

mantle

Question 4

Rock/ crust

maximum thickness is about 100 km

Answer 4

lithosphere

Question 5

proposed by wegener

noticed shape of continents, mountain ranges animal distribution

Answer 5

continental drift

Question 6

multiple super continents
most recent 
all land 
Atlantic Ocean is getting bigger
Pacific Ocean is getting smaller

Answer 6

Pangea

Question 7

made of basalt

dense

Answer 7

oceanic plates

Question 8

made of granite

less dense

Answer 8

continental plates

Question 9

crust rests on the mantle

upper mantle is called the asthenosphere

Answer 9

convection currents

Question 10

partially melted
moves slowly
moves crust

Answer 10

asthenosphere

Question 11

compression of plates

Answer 11

converge

Question 12

tension

pull apart

Answer 12

diverge

Question 13

slide past eachother

Answer 13

transform

Question 14

ocean plate is pushed under the crust

Answer 14

subduction

Question 15

occurs when plates collide

Answer 15

boundary

Question 16

island arc Japan

Answer 16

ocean-ocean subduction.

Question 17

Andes mountain and volcanoes

Answer 17

ocean-continent subduction

Question 18

Himalayas and Appalachians

Answer 18

continent- continent

Question 19

rift zone

new crust is made

Answer 19

ocean-ocean

Question 20

Rift Valley

Answer 20

continent-continent

Question 21

new crust is made at the mid-ocean ridge

cooling rock “fossilize” the current magnetic field

Answer 21

seafloor spreading and paleomagnetism

Question 22

normal polarity

reverse polarity

Answer 22

magnetic reversals

Question 23

measure distance from ridge to point on sea floor

divide distance by age of rocks

Answer 23

sea floor spreading rates

Question 24

volcanoes that occur in the middle of the plate
no plate boundaries
ex. Hawaii

Answer 24

hot spots

Question 25

plate moves

Answer 25

hotspot doesn't

Question 26

ground motion caused by a geological event energy is transferred through the earths crust 3 types of waves are generated

Answer 26

earthquakes

Question 27

earthquake causes

Answer 27

stress that builds up from the movement of plates volcanoes meteor impact cavern collapse

Question 28

how many earthquakes occur each year

Answer 28

over one million per year

Question 29

where do large earthquakes usually occur

Answer 29

along subduction zones

Question 30

point directly above the focus on the earths surface

Answer 30

epicenter

Question 31

a break in movement. a sliding of the rocks

Answer 31

fault

Question 32

in the ground where the break happens or begins

Answer 32

focus

Question 33

energy builds up in the crust and then eventually cannot absorb anymore so it snaps and breaks

Answer 33

elastic rebound theory

Question 34

primary waves compression waves move very fast

Answer 34

p waves

Question 35

secondary waves shear waves move slower than p waves do not travel through liquids

Answer 35

S waves

Question 36

``` slowest waves travel short distances rolling motion side to side motion cause most damage ```

Answer 36

L waves

Question 37

shield composite cinder cone

Answer 37

volcanoes

Question 38

``` quiet eruptions non-explosive form at hot spots and rift zones basalt Hawaii is made up of these ```

Answer 38

shield volcanoes

Question 39

hazards of shield volcanoes

Answer 39

lava flows gas releases lahars

Question 40

opening at the top of any volcano

Answer 40

caldera

Question 41

very explosive form along subduction plate boundaries most explosive contain layers of ash and lava

Answer 41

composite cones

Question 42

hazards of composite cones

Answer 42

rain of ash and bombs deadly gases lahars

Question 43

steep piles of ash form from high silica content lava

Answer 43

cinder cone

Question 44

hazards of a cinder cone volcano

Answer 44

``` very explosive high gas content molten ash bombs no lava flows ```

Question 45

compared rocks or fossils to one another

Answer 45

relative time

Question 46

actual age of a rock or fossil in years ago

Answer 46

absolute time

Question 47

absolute dates are determined | certain atoms radioactively decay

Answer 47

radiometric dating

Question 48

238

Answer 48

uranium

Question 49

40

Answer 49

potassium

Question 50

14

Answer 50

Carbon

Question 51

2 protons and 2 neutrons are emitted

Answer 51

alpha decay

Question 52

1 electron emitted

Answer 52

beta decay

Question 53

1 electron is captured

Answer 53

electron captured

Question 54

amount of time it takes for half of the radioactive element or the parent element to decay into stable daughter products

Answer 54

half-life