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Science mr caldwell > astronomy 2 > Flashcards

astronomy 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

a pendulum swings in a constant path

the earth rotates beneath it

A

focaults pendulum

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2
Q

earth moves around the sun
takes approximately 365 days
almost circular orbit
we are slightly closer to the sun in January than we are in July

A

earths revolution

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3
Q

when is the earth closest to the sun

147million km

A

January 2nd

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4
Q

when is earth farthest from the sun

152 million km

A

July 4th

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5
Q

apparent shift in position of a nearby star in relation to distant stars

A

parallax

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6
Q

a day is added every4 years to February to catch up

A

leap year

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7
Q

when is the next leap year

A

2020

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8
Q

changing constellations
we see different ones because we revolve around the sun
we can on,y see the constellations that are opposite the sun

A

Revolution

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9
Q

what is earths axis tilted at

A

23.5 degrees

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10
Q

what season is it while the sun is tilted toward the sun

A

summer

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11
Q

which season is it when the earth is tilted away from the sun

A

winter

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12
Q

when the earth is tilted neither toward nor away from the sun it is…

A

either spring or fall

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13
Q

what causes seasons

A

earths Revolution
earths tilt
earths axis

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14
Q

the Suns height above the horizon changes during the year

A

suns position

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15
Q

when is the sun the highest in the sky for Erie and when is it the lowest

A

highest- summer solstice

lowest- winter solstice

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16
Q

when does the sun rise into he east and set in the west

A

during the equinoxes

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17
Q

where does the sun ride and set in fall and winter

A

rise-southeast

set- southwest

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18
Q

where does the sun rise and set during spring and summer

A

rise- northeast

set- northwest

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19
Q

projection of the earths equator into space

calculate by subtracting current latitude from 90°

A

celestial equator

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20
Q

where is the celestial equator at earths equator

A

directly overhead

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21
Q

where is the celestial equator at the North Pole

A

the horizon

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22
Q

what is Eric’s latitude

A

42° north

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23
Q

the path that the sun travels in the sky

the signs of the zodiac are located along this

A

ecliptic

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24
Q

revolving toward full

A

waxing

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25
Q

revolving toward new

A

waning

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26
Q

moon revolves around earth in about how many days

A

29

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27
Q

how often does the moon rotate

A

once in 27 days

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28
Q

formed from a collision with a Mars-sized object
approximately 4.6 billion years old
debris from collision
after the surface cooled and became solid the surface was bombarded by meteoroids

A

formation of the moon

29
Q 
diameter is 3476km
Gravity is 1/6 of earths 
mass is about 1/80 of earths mass 
average density is less than earths 
rocks are igneous
A

moons properties

30
Q

spins on its own axis
produces night and day
takes approximately 24 hours
1000 mph

A

earths rotation

31
Q

3.1-3.8 billion years old

A

Maria basins of basalts

32
Q

4.0-4.3 billion years old

lighter colored parts of the moon

A

lunar highlands

33
Q

moon has no…

A

atmosphere

34
Q

what causes erosion

A

micrometeorites

35
Q

objects in orbit around the sun

A

solar system

36
Q

what is included in a solar system

A

planets
moons
asteroids
comets

37
Q

developed a system to explain the planets motions

did not account for all of the motions seen

A

Ptolemy

38
Q

developed a sun-centered model
heliocentric
accounts forge motions of the planets much more accurately

A

Copernicus

39
Q

elliptical orbits

planets move faster near the sun

A

planetary motions

40
Q

cloud of gas and dust

A

pronto-planetary disc

41
Q

pulls particles together

A

Gravity

42
Q

forms fusion of hydrogen

A

sun forms

43
Q

form from remaining material through accretion

A

planets

44
Q 
four planets nearest the sun
contain heaviest elements 
terrestrial planets 
have solid surfaces 
dense cores 
Mercury, Venus, earth, and Mars
A

inner planets

45
Q 
four planets beyond the asteroid belt 
gas giants
no solid surface 
made up of gases 
solid cores 
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
A

outer planets

46
Q

when an object in space passes into the shadow created by another object in space
two parts

A

eclipse

47
Q

total shadow

A

umbra

48
Q

partial shadow

A

penumbra

49
Q

moon passes into the earths umbra

A

total lunar eclipse

50
Q

moon passes into earths penumbra
half of earth can see this
about 2 hours long

A

partial lunar eclipse

51
Q

moons umbra falls on the earth

A

total solar eclipse

52
Q

moons penumbra falls on the earth

A

partial solar

53
Q

ring is visible

moon doesn’t quite cover the sun

A

annular eclipse

54
Q

movement of the earths axis
axis wobbles slowly over time
26000 years for 1 cycle
axis points at the North Star

A

precession

55
Q

no longer accurate due to precession

A

zodiac signs

56
Q

occurs when the sun is at its highest point

does not occur at the same time for everyone

A

solar noon

57
Q

every degree of longitude is ______ mins of solar time

A

4 mins

58
Q

how much does earth rotate every hour

A

15°

59
Q

used to deal with different solar time

A

time zones

60
Q

USA times zones

A

Eastern
Central
Mountain
Pacific

61
Q

eastern

A

our time

62
Q

central

A

minus 1 hour

63
Q

mountain

A

minus 2 hours

64
Q

pacific

A

minus 3 hours

65
Q

used to save energy

adjust clocks to deal with changes in sun rise and set because of the earths tilt

A

daylight savings time

66
Q

move clocks 1 hour ahead

A

spring

67
Q

move clocks back 1 hour

A

fall

68
Q

180° meridian
date changes
if you move west you add a day
if you move east you lose a day

A

international dateline

Science mr caldwell (9 decks)

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