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AIM 2.2 > Stop Forgetting 2 > Flashcards

Stop Forgetting 2 Flashcards

1
Q

spigelian hernia

A

lateral ventral hernia through the semilunar line (midclavicular)

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2
Q

inguinal ligament formed from

A

External oblique aponeurosis.
Superficial inguinal ring = lateral crus, medial crus, intercrural fibers.
Deep inguinal ring.

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3
Q

hasselback’s triangle borders

A

Inguinal ligament.
Inferior epigastric vessels.
Lateral border of rectus abdominis.

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4
Q

ventral mesentery forms:

A

Liver develops inside ventral mesentery.

Ventral mesentery forms adult lesser omentum and falciform ligament.

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5
Q

two ligaments of lesser sac

A

hepatogastric

hepatoduodenal

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6
Q

round ligament of the liver is a remnant of

A

former umbilical vein

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7
Q

L hepatic artery supplies blood to

A

Left lobe,
quadrate lobe,
1/2 of caudate lobe

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8
Q

R hepatic artery supplies blood to

A

Right lobe,
1/2 caudate lobe.
Gallbladder.

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9
Q

umbilical fissure

A

Consists of ligamentum venosum and round ligament.

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10
Q

portocaval anastamoses (shunts if portal hypertension)

A

1) esophageal (L gastric, esophageal branches, azygos, IVC)
2) retroperitoneal (IMV, colic vs., retroperitoneal v, IVC)
3) rectal (IMV, superior rectal v, inferior rectal v, internal iliac v, common iliac v, IVC)
4) paraumbilical (smv, paraumbilical vs, superior epigastric, internal thoracic v, IVC // inferior epigastric v, external iliac v, common iliac v, IVC)

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11
Q

sympathetic input to hepatobiliary system

A

Greater splanchnic nerve synapses on celiac ganglion.

Nerves follow periarterial plexus to effector organ.

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12
Q

parasympathetic input to hepatobiliary system

A

Vagus nerve.

Stimulate bile production, glycogen synthesis.

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13
Q

main veins of abdomen

A

IMV empties into splenic v.

Splenic vein joins SMV to form hepatic portal vein.

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14
Q

ligament of treitz

A

Suspensory ligament of duodenum.
Right crus of diaphragm, continues as CT.
Divides into upper/lower GI.
Rotational point in embryological development –> landmark for malrotation.

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15
Q

pancreatic blood supply

A

HEAD:
anastamoses of A/P superior pancreaticoduodenal (gastroduodenal/common hepatic/celiac trunk) and A/P inferior pancreaticoduodenal (SMA)

BODY/TAIL:
greater pancreatic a., dorsal pancreatic a (both from splenic a., celiac trunk)

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16
Q

Pancreatic lymphatic drainage

A

MAJOR:
celiac LN,
superior mesenteric LN

MINOR:
superior pancreatic LN
pancreaticoduodenal LN
pyloric LN

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17
Q

gold standard of Crohn’s diagnosis

A

endoscope view of ileocecal junction

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18
Q

major things large intestine absorbs

A

water, electrolytes, vitamin K

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19
Q

3 tests for appendicitis

A 
Palpate McBurney's point.
Psoas sign.
Rebound tenderness (Blumberg sign)
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20
Q

blood supply of stomach

A

R gastric (celiac trunk) anastamoses with L gastric (CHA) - lesser curvature.

R gastroepiploic (splenic a) anastamoses with L gastroepiploic (gastroduodenal a) - greater curvature

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21
Q

ileocecal artery (origin, supplies)

A

Origin: SMA

Supplies:
ileum,
cecum (superior/inferior cecal aa.),
appendix (appendicular a.)

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22
Q

middle colic artery (origin, supplies)

A

Origin: SMA

Supplies:
transverse colon

23
Q

right colic artery (origin, supplies)

A

Origin: SMA

Supplies: ascending colon

24
Q

ileojejunal branches (origin, supplies)

A

Origin: SMA

Supply: ileum, jejunum

Turn into vasa recta

25
Q

marginal artery (origin, supplies)

A

Connects SMA and IMA.
(connects MRI colics of SMA with Left colic of IMA)

provides alternative blood supply

26
Q

celiac lymph nodes drain:

A

liver, gallbladder, duodenum, pancreas

27
Q

superior mesenteric lymph nodes drain:

A

cecum, ascending colon, R 1/2 transverse colon, ileum, jejunum

28
Q

inferior mesenteric lymph nodes drain:

A

all of hindgut

29
Q

anal canal, above vs below pectinate line (derived layer, artery, vein, LN, innervation)

A

ABOVE:
Endoderm.
Superior rectal a./v.
Internal iliac LN, inferior mesenteric LN.
Autonomic and visceral hindgut innervation to internal sphincter and mucosa.

BELOW:
Ectoderm.
Inferior rectal a./v.
Superficial inguinal LN.
Somatic motor to external sphincter, somatic sensory to skin around anus
30
Q

lumbar triange (of petit) borders

A

Lat dorsi.
External oblique.
Iliac crest.

Only transversus abdominis, internal oblique tendons are there –> lumbar hernias can occur

31
Q

arteries of posterior abdominal wall

A 
Inferior phrenic a - ab aorta.
Middle suprarenal a - ab aorta.
Lumbar aa. - ab aorta
Gonadal a. - ab aorta, just below SMA
Median sacral a. - ab aorta at bifurcation
Common iliac, internal/external iliac.
32
Q

posterior abdominal wall drains into which lymphatics?

A

Lateral aortic (lumbar) LNs

33
Q

origin of esophageal artery

A

Left gastric (celiac trunk)

34
Q

origin of R gastric a

A

proper hepatic a. (celiac trunk, CHA)

35
Q

origin of short gastric arteries

A

splenic artery (celiac trunk)

36
Q

origin of R gastroepiploic artery

A

gastroduodenal a (celiac trunk, CHA)

37
Q

origin of superior anerior pancreaticoduodenal a.

A

gastroduodenal a (celiac trunk, CHA)

38
Q

origin of L gastroepiploic a

A

splenic a

39
Q

branches off of posterior internal iliac a

A

1) superior gluteal
2) iliolumbar
3) lateral sacral

40
Q

branches off of anterior internal iliac a

A

1) umbilical
2) superior vesical
3) obturator
4) vaginal
5) inferior vesical
6) uterine
7) middle rectal
8) internal pudendal
9) inferior gluteal

41
Q

conjoint tendon

A

Anterior to Hesselbeck’s triangle.
Fusion of internal oblique/transversus abdominis muscle tendons.

Resists direct hernias.

42
Q

ileum vs jejunum

A

More complex arcades in ileum, shorter vasa recta.

43
Q

parietal peritoneum feels…

A

somatic pain

44
Q

hydronephrosis

A

gross dilation of calyces and pelvis

caused by kidney stones (no urine flowing, fluids back up)

45
Q

midgut rotation

A

90 deg counterclockwise
180 deg counterclockwise

TOTAL: 270 deg counterclockwise

46
Q

omphalocele

A

Failure of umbilicus to close completely.

GI still functions normally.

47
Q

ectopia cordis

A

Failure of abdominal wall to close more superiorly.
Heart is partially/totally outside of chest.

Cardiac problems.

48
Q

gastroschisis

A

Abdominal wall does not involve the umbilicus.
GI does NOT function normally.

Incomplete closure of lateral folds.

49
Q

external urethral sphincter controlled by which nerve?

A

pudendal nerve

50
Q

broad ligament

A

Folding of peritoneum

Mesosalpinx
Mesometrium
Mesovarium

51
Q

suspensory ligament of ovary

A

contains ovarian a/v

from ovary, to lateral side

52
Q

ligament of ovary

A

connects ovary to uterus

usually below oviduct

53
Q

what forms into the lower 1/3 of vagina and the hymen?

A

urogenital sinus

AIM 2.2 (26 decks)

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