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AIM 2.2 > Hepatobiliary System > Flashcards

Hepatobiliary System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the liver suspended from?

A

IVC and diaphragm

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2
Q

bare area of liver

A

Adventitia.
Posterior, mostly R lobe.
Outlined by coronary ligament (reflected peritoneum).
NO PERITONEUM.

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3
Q

coronary ligament of liver

A

Serosa/viseral peritoneum.
Transitional from adventitia to mesothelium.
Surrounds bare area.
Reflected peritoneum.

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4
Q

mesentary

A

Double layer of peritoneum btwn body wall and organ.

Meso- prefix used.
Usually the posterior wall.

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5
Q

ligament

A

Double layer of peritoneum beetween organs or between an organ and the abdominal wall

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6
Q

omentum

A

Double layer of peritoneum between STOMACH and another organ

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7
Q

ventral mesentary

A

Liver develops within ventral mesentery.

Forms adult lesser omentum and falciform ligament

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8
Q

ligaments of lesser omentum

A

Hepatogastric ligament.

Hepatoduodenal ligament.

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9
Q

lesser sac

A

Opening: epiploic foramen (of Winslow).
Formed by lesser omentum.
Btwn stomach and liver.

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10
Q

portal triad

A

Portal vein.
Hepatic artery.
Common bile duct.

Within hepatoduodenal ligament.

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11
Q

hepatorenal recess

A

Potential site for collection of fluid.
Bounded by right kidney and liver.
Drains along right colic gutter into pelvis.

AKA Pouch of Morison

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12
Q

falciform ligament

A

From ventral mesentary.
Between ventral wall and the liver.
Lower free border = ligamentum teres

Separates R and L lobes of liver

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13
Q

ligamentum teres

A

Obliterated umbilical vein (carried blood from mother to fetus).
On lower free end of falciform ligament.

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14
Q

lobes of liver

A

Right.
Left.
Caudate.
Quadrate.

R and L separated ventrally by falciform ligament/ligamentum teres.
Posteriorly, L is separated from all others by umbilical fissure (ligamentum venosum, ligamentum teres hepatis)

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15
Q

umbilical fissure

A

Separates L lobe from Caudate, Quadrate lobes.

Consists of ligamentum venosum, ligamentum teres

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16
Q

blood supply to liver

A

75% venous flow via portal vein.

25% arterial flow via hepatic artery proper (divides into R/L hepatic aa) (from celiac trunk, common hepatic a)

17
Q

L hepatic artery supplies

A

Left lobe.
Quadrate lobe.
1/2 caudate lobe.

18
Q

R hepatic artery supplies

A

Right lobe.
1/2 Caudate lobe.
Gallbladder

19
Q

functional lobes of liver

A

Separated by hepatic arteries, portal veins, bile ducts, hepatic veins.

8 segments

20
Q

cause of hepatic cirrhosis

A

Alcohol abuse.
Hepatitis infection.
Autoimmune disease.
Industrial solvents.

21
Q

presentation of cirrhosis

A

Hobnail appearance.
Splenomegaly (bc portal hypertension.
Ascites.

22
Q

which hepatic cells play critical role in generating cirrhotic scar tissue?

A

Ito/stellate cells.

23
Q

with portal hypertension (reduced portal blood flow), blood can be shunted _________

A 
To systemic circulation, via:
Esophageal v.
Retroperitoneal v.
Rectal v.
Paraumbilical v.
24
Q

esophageal varices

A

enlarged veins in esophagus.
Due to portal hypertension, blood needs to be shunted here away from liver.
More flow than it can handle.
Rupture can be fatal.

25
Q

intestinal varices

A

Enlarged retroperitoneal veins.
Due to portal hypertension, blood needs to be shunted here away from liver.
More flow than it can handle.

26
Q

anorectal varices

A

Enlarged rectal veins.
Due to portal hypertension, blood needs to be shunted here away from liver.
More flow than it can handle.

27
Q

caput medusa

A

Dilation of periumbilical veins.
Due to portal hypertension, blood needs to be shunted here away from liver.
Characteristic of cirrhotic liver.

28
Q

porto-systemic shunt

A

Treatment for cirrhotic liver failure.
Bypass function of the liver to get the blood back into systemic circulation without using anastomotic shunts that lead to varices.

29
Q

bile duct system

A

Bile canaliculi –> terminal bile ductules –> hepatic ducts –> R/L hepatic duct –> common hepatic duct –> cystic duct

30
Q

sympathetic input to hepatobiliary system

A

Greater splanchnic n, (T5-T9).
Synapse on celiac ganglion.
Periarterial plexus follows blood vessels to target.

31
Q

parasympathetic input to hepatobiliary system

A

Vagus nerve (CN X).

stimulate bile production, glycogen synthesis (BUT hormones control most functions)

32
Q

what surrounds the bare area of the liver?

A

Coronary ligament.
L triangular ligament.
R triangular ligament.

AIM 2.2 (26 decks)

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