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AIM 2.2 > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

pelvis is enclosed by _____

A

pelvic girdle

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2
Q

the pelvis is closed off inferiorly by …

A

pelvic and urogenital diaphragms

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3
Q

perineum

A

area of surface of trunk between thighs and buttocks and the shallow compartment lying deep to this area and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

includes anus and external genitalia

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4
Q

mons pubis

A

rounded mass of fatty tissue overlying pubic bones

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5
Q

bony pelvic girdle

A

two coxal (hip) bones (fused ilium,pubis, ischium - join in acetabulum) + sacrum + coccyx

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6
Q

pelvic inlet

A

open

sacral promontory to superior margin of pubic symphysis

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7
Q

joints of the pelvis loosen under the action of _______ during pregnancy

A

joints of the pelvis loosen under the action of relaxin during pregnancy

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8
Q

greater pelvis

A

false pelvis, pelvis major

  • inferior pt of abd cavity
  • holds some abd viscera
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9
Q

lesser pelvis

A

true pelvis, pelvis minor

  • between pelvic inlet and outlet
  • holds pelvic viscera
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10
Q

pelvic axis shape? what does it join?

A

curved

joins center points of pelvic inlet and outlet

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11
Q

pelvic outlet

A

closed

inferior margin of pubic symphysis to tip of coccyx

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12
Q

female differences in pelvis

A

female measurements longer

bones thinner, lighter

inlet oval, rounded, wider

outlet larger

pubic arch larger and angle wider

iliac wing more flared

ischial tuberosity more apart (everted)

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13
Q

true conjugate

A

obstetrical conjugate

narrowest fixed diameter through which head of baby passes

  • measure radiographically
  • approximate from diagonal conjugate
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14
Q

pelvic floor

A

pelvic diaphragm
urogenital diaphragm

bears weight of abdpelvic viscera
maintains continence

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15
Q

walls of pelvic cavity

A

ant: pubis bone/pubic symphysis
lat: obturator internus m.
inf: pelvic floor m. (pelvic diaphragm)
post: piriformis m.

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16
Q

levator ani

A

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
illococcygeus

supportive m. for midline pelvis organs
weakness –> incontinence

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17
Q

pelvic diaphragm

A

levator ani + coccygeus m.

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18
Q

puborectalis

A

forms puborectal sling

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19
Q

m. possibly torn during childbirth

surgical tx to widen birth canal?

A

bulbospongiosus m., levator ani (especially pubococcygeus)

episiotomy

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20
Q

the most inferior extent of peritoneum in the male

A

rectovesical pouch

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21
Q

recto-prostatic fascia of denonvilliers

A

separates the rectum (posterior) from the genito-urinary tract (anterior)

prostate cancer can spread to rectum

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22
Q

internal sphincter of urinary bladder (male)

A

smooth muscle of neck of bladder

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23
Q

external sphincter of unrinary bladder (male)

A

sphincter urethrae m. (skeletal)

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24
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

enlarged prostate

obstructs urethral orifice, usually due to middle lobe enlargement

leads to nocturia, dysuria and urgency

25
seminal vesicles
pair of glands posteroinferior to the bladder secrete fluid that becomes semen excretory ducts open into vas deferens as it enters the prostate gland and become the ejaculatory ducts
26
the most inferior extent of peritoneum in the female
recto-uterine pouch aka DOUGLAS' POUCH where peritoneum reflects from vagina onto rectum fluid can pool here
27
female pelvic organs
rectum anal canal distal ureters urinary bladder urethra ovaries oviducts uterus vagina
28
rectovaginal fascia of Otto
separates vagina and rectum cervical cancer can spread to rectum from here
29
female homologue of prostate gland
parauretheral glands (Skene's duct) --> G-spot?
30
hyster- refers to
uterus
31
salphingo- refers to
oviduct
32
oophoro- refers to
ovary
33
The normal position of the uterus is _________ and ________ and lies almost in the ____________ position
The normal position of the uterus is ANTEFLEXED and ANTEVERTED and lies almost in the HORIZONTAL position
34
flexion is defined by angle between | w/ regard to female pelvis
angle between axes of body of uterus and the cervix
35
verision is defined by angle between | w/ regard to female pelvis
angle between axis of cervix against vagina
36
broad ligament of the uterus
double layer of peritoneum, is draped over oviducts and forms "sleeves" on either side of uterus holds uterus in place
37
uterine artery is ______ to ureter
uterine artery is superior to ureter
38
rim around cervix
vaginal fornix
39
ectopic pregnancy
outside uterus frequently in Fallopian tube
40
endometriosis
benign disorder mass of endometrial tissue occurs aberrantly in various locations (uterine wall, ovaries, or other extraendometrial sites) frequently forms cysts containing altered blood
41
leiomyoma/fibroid
most common benign neoplasm of the female genital tract derived from smooth muscle occurs in the wall of the uterus large fibroid can cause bleeding, pressure and pain in the pelvis, heavy menstrual periods and infertility
42
cervix is held in place by which ligaments?
1. cardinal ligament (transverse cervical) ligament AKA Mackenrodt's 2. uterosacral ligament 3. round ligament of uterus
43
relaxation of Macenrodt's ligament can lead to...
uterine prolapse | Mackenrodt's ligament=cardinal (transverse cervical) ligament
44
transformation zone and cervical cancer
Columnar cells constantly changing into squamous cells in an area of the cervix Most common place on the cervix for abnormal cells to develop
45
pelvic innervation
sacral plexus (sciatic and pudendal) nerves to pelvic diaphragm (n. to levator ani and coccygeus) pelvic plexus
46
sciatic n.
L4-S3
47
pudendal n.
S2-S4
48
n. to pelvic diaphragm
n. to levator ani n. to coccygeus S3-S4
49
pelvic plexus
pelvic splanchnic n. (S2-S4) parasympathetic and visceral afferent hypogastric plexuses (mixed)
50
most of the autonomic nerves to the pelvic viscera arise in the ______________
paired inferior hypogastric plexuses
51
describe referred pain above pelvic pain line
visceral afferent fibers conducting pain from abdominal pelvic viscera follow SYMPATHETIC fibers ascend through hypogastric/aortic plexus, abdominopelvic splanchnic n., lumbar sympathetic trunks, and white rami communicates to reach cell bodies in inferior thoracic/upper lumbar spinal ganglia
52
describe referred pain below pelvic pain line
visceral afferent fibers conducting pain from viscera follow PARASYMPATHETIC fibers go through pelvic and inferior hypogastric plexus and pelvic splanchnic n. to reach cell bodies in spinal sensory ganglia S2-S4
53
anesthesia for childbirth
spinal block via lumbar puncture caudal epidural block pudendal n. block
54
Only the lower portion of the vagina is ________ ________
Only the lower portion of the vagina is somatic efferent
55
Main blood supply of male pelvis
ant. division of internal iliac a. - internal pudendal - inferior vesical - obliterated umbilical a. - superior vesical - middle rectal aorta --> common iliac --> internal iliac
56
Batson’s plexus
veins draining pelvic viscera valveless, prostate cancer can spread thru graining veins unite to form internal iliac veins of each side, which unite with the corresponding external iliac veins to form the common iliac veins to the IVC
57
Main blood supply of female pelvis
ant. division of internal iliac a. - internal pudendal - middle rectal - vaginal, w/ br. to bladder - uterine - obliterated umbilical a. - superior visceral aorta --> common iliac --> internal iliac
58
lymphatic drainage of testes and ovaries
lumbar (caval/aortic nodes)

AIM 2.2 (26 decks)

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