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AIM 2.2 > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

perineum

A

area of surface of trunk between thighs and buttocks

shallow compartment lying deep to this area and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

includes anus and external genitalia

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2
Q

2 triangles of the perineum

A

anal triangle (with anal canal)

urogenital triangle (with outlets of the urinary and genital systems)

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3
Q

perineal body

A

central point of perineum

attachment of perineal muscles

fibromuscular mass

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4
Q

ischioanal fossa

A

fat-filled wedge shaped space located lateral to the anal canal and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

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5
Q

pudendal canal of alcock’s

A

(obturator fascia)

pudendal n.
internal pudendal a. and v.
perineal n.

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6
Q

urogenital triangle may be divided into two spaces

A

superficial perineal space (or pouch)

deep peroneal space (or pouch)

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7
Q

Location of superficial perineal space (or pouch)

A

Lies between the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane) and the membranous layer of the superficial perineal fascia

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8
Q

Contents of superficial perineal pouch

A

superficial transverse perineal muscle

ischiocavernosus muscles

bulbospongiosus muscle

^all superior to the perineal membrane

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9
Q

Location of deep perineal space (or pouch)

A

lies between the superior and inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm

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10
Q

Contents of deep perineal pouch

A

deep transverse perineal muscle

sphincter urethrae muscle

bulbourethral glands (in the male)

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11
Q

muscles and glands in deep such are covered by ____ membranes both sides. This sheet forms the ______.

A

muscles and glands in deep such are covered by PERINEAL membranes both sides. This sheet forms the UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM.

^ critical to maintain urinary incontinence

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12
Q

cryptorchidism

A

undescended testes

can be abd, inguinal canal, or high scrotal (80%)

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13
Q

nerves responsible for cremasteric reflex

A

afferent: sensory femoral branch of genitofemoral n. and ilioinguinal n.
efferent: motor fibers of genitofemoral n.

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14
Q

layer in scrotum corresponding to peritoneum in abd wall

A

tunica vaginalis

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15
Q

scrotum contents

A
  • superficial (dartos) fascia
  • external spermatic fascia
  • cremaster m. and fascia
  • internal spermatic fascia
  • parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
  • testis, visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
  • skin of scrotum
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16
Q

varicocele

A

varicose veins in the pampiniform plexus of the spermatic cord appear like a “bag of worms” in the scrotum

more common on the left side, probably as a result of a malignant tumor of the left kidney which blocks the exit of the left testicular vein

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17
Q

hydrocele

A

accululation of fluid in the cavity of the tunica vaginalis of the testis or along the spermatic cord

PATENT PROCESSUS VAGINALIS

18
Q

corpus cavernosum

A

two crura come together in the shaft portion of the penis, dorsal surface

THICKER tunica albuginea

19
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

located on the ventral surface enlarges distally to form the glans penis (mushroom cap)

urethra passes thru

THINNER tunica albuginea, want to keep penile urethra open so semen can go thru

20
Q

Colle’s fascia

A

deep membranous layer of the superficial perineal fascia and forms the inferior boundary of the superficial perineal pouch

Is continuous with the dartos fascia of the scrotum, with the superficial fascia of the penis and with Scarpa’s fascia of the anterior abd wall

21
Q

roots of the clitoris are firmly anchored to

A

perineal membrane

22
Q

female erectile tissue

A

clitoris

bulb of vestibule

23
Q

In the female perineum, what fascia covers the 3 superficial perineal muscles?

A

deep perineal fascia of Gallaudet

24
Q

greater vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands

A

located posterior and to L and R of opening of vagina

secrete mucus to lubricate vagina

inflammation/obstruction –> cyst

25
Q

location of bulbourethral gland (male) vs. location of greater vestibular gland (female)

A

bulbourethral gland (male) –> deep puch

greater vestibular gland (female) –> superficial pouch

26
Q

arterial supply of male perineum is mainly from

A

internal pudendal a. traveling though pudendal canal –> greater sciatic foramen –> lesser sciatic foramen

27
Q

penile cancer will spread through which nodes

A

deep inguinal lymph node

28
Q

scrotal cancer will spread to which node

A

superficial inguinal lymph node

29
Q

testicular cancer will spread to which nodes

A

lumbar (caval/aortic) lymph node

30
Q

ovarian cancer will spread to which nodes

A

spreads along suspensory ligament to lumbar (caval/aortic) nodes

31
Q

cervical cancer will spread to which nodes

A

internal iliac nodes

32
Q

vulva cancer will spread to which nodes

A

superficial inguinal nodes

33
Q

perineum is innervated by sacral spinal cord segments dermatomes, which roots

A

S3-S5

34
Q

which nerve is the major nerve of the perineum

A

pudendal n.

35
Q

pudendal and illioninguinal n. block

A

(transvaginal n. block)

palpate first

might use for cyst of greater vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands

36
Q

reflex erection

nerves responsible?

A

parasympathetic nerves

37
Q

psychogenic erection

nerves responsible?

A

sympathetic nerves rom the pelvic splanchnic nerves which dilates the arteries supplying the erectile tissue

38
Q

ejaculation

nerves responsible?

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic
spinal nerves (pudendal n.)

Friction to the glans penis and other sexual stimuli result in excitation of sympathetic fibers, leading to contraction of the smooth muscle of the epididymal ducts, the vas deferens, the seminal vesicles and the prostate in turn

39
Q

mnemonic for nerves responsible for erection/ejaculation

A

Point (erection by parasympathetic) and Shoot (ejaculation by sympathetic)

40
Q

why are females more likely to have urinary incontinence at older ages?

A

1) Shorter urethra.

2) sphincter is more sensitive to hormone (menopause is factor)

41
Q

pudendal canal is formed by

what passes thru?

A

obturator fascia

INTERNAL pudendal ARTERY/VEIN,
pudendal n

AIM 2.2 (26 decks)

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