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AIM 2.2 > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

9 regions of abdomen

A

1) right hypochondrium
2) epigastric region
3) left hypochondrium
4) Right flank
5) umbilical region
6) left flank
7) right groin
8) pubic region
9) left groin

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2
Q

layers of anterolateral abdominal wall

A

Skin.
Superficial fascia (Camper’s/fatty/Scarpa’s/membranous).
Deep fascia (connective tissue sheaths, transversalis fascia).
Extraperitoneal fat.
Parietal peritoneum.

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3
Q

flat muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominus

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4
Q

2 vertical muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall

A

rectus abdominis

pyramidalis

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5
Q

innervation of external oblique

A

intercostal nerves T7-T11,

subcostal nerve T12

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6
Q

origin/insertion of external oblique

A

O: 5th -12th ribs
I: linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior iliac crest

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7
Q

innervation of internal oblique

A 
intercostal nerves T7-12, 
iliohypogastric n.
ilioinguinal n (L1)
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8
Q

origin/insertion of internal oblique

A

O: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ASIS, iliopsoas fascia

I: 10th-12th ribs, linea alba

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9
Q

innervation of transversus abdominis

A 
intercostal nerves T7-12, 
iliohypogastric n.
ilioinguinal n (L1)
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10
Q

transversus abdominis origin/insertion

A

O: 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ASIS, iliopsoas fascia

I: linea alba, pubic crest

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11
Q

rectus abdominis O,I,N

A

O: pubis
I: 5th-7th intercostal cartilages, xiphoid process
N: intercostal nn (T5-12)

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12
Q

pyramidalis OIN

A

O: pubis
I: linea alba
N: subcostal T12

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13
Q

semilunar line

A

Lateral sides of rectus abdominis

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14
Q

arcuate line

A

lower line of the “six pack”

shift from 1.5 anterior/posterior to all 3 anterior (layers of the rectus sheath)

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15
Q

nerves of anterolateral abdominal wall

A

above umbilicus: T7-T9

umbilicus = T10

below umbilicus: T11-L1

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16
Q

arteries of anterolateral abdominal wall

A

superior epigastric (from internal thoracic) anastamoses with inferior epigastric (external iliac)

deep

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17
Q

veins of anterolateral abdominal wall

A

1) superior epigastric v
2) inferior epigastric v
3) paraumbilical vv in round ligament of liver

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18
Q

infraumbilical peritoneal folds

A

Median fold (1) [urachus]
Medial umbilical folds (2) [umbilical arteries]
Lateral umbilical folds (2) [inferior epigastric vessels]

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19
Q

counterpart from fetal circulation: ligamentum teres of liver

A

paraumbilical veins

20
Q

counterpart from fetal circulation: medial umbilical ligament

A

umbilical arteries

21
Q

counterpart from fetal circulation: median fold

A

urachus

22
Q

inguinal ligament

A

Inferior border of external oblique aponeurosis (folded over).
From ASIS to pubic tubercle.

23
Q

inguinal canal

A

Transmits spermatic cord (male) or round ligament (female)

Made of deep inguinal ring and superificial inguinal ring

24
Q

superficial inguinal ring

A

medial crus + lateral crus + intercrural fibers

25
Q

relocation of testes

A

Start in extraperitoneal CT.

Gubernaculum pulls testes inferior, pulling surrounding tissue with it.

26
Q

scrotum equivalent of abdominal superficial fascia (fatty and membranous)

A

dartos muscle and fascia

27
Q

scrotum equivalent of abdominal external oblique

A

external spermatic fascia

28
Q

scrotum equivalent of abdominal internal oblique

A

cremaster muscle

29
Q

scrotum equivalent of abdominal fascia transversalis

A

internal spermatic fascia

30
Q

scrotum equivalent of abdominal extraperitoneal fatty tissue

A

areolar tissue with localizwed collections of fat

31
Q

scrotum equivalent of abdominal peritoneum

A

tunica vaginalis

32
Q

iliohypogastric nerve

A

L1

Skin above inguinal ligament.

33
Q

ilioinguinal nerve

A

L1
Skin of anterior scrotum and adjacent thigh.

Runs parallel and inferior to iliohypogastric n.
Emerges from superficial inguinal ring.

34
Q

genitofemoral nerve

A

L1, L2
Skin below inguinal ligament.
Motor to cremaster.

35
Q

spermatic cord contents

A 
Ductus deferens.
Artery of ductus deferens.
Testicular artery.
Pampiniform vein plexus.
Cremaster muscle.
Nerve fibers.
36
Q

round ligament contents

A

Artery/vein of round ligament.
Nerve fibers.
CT cord.

37
Q

common places for hernias

A

Of linea alba.
Umbilical.
Incisional.
At semilunaris (Spigelian)

38
Q

inguinal hernia

A 
Indirect hernia (also: congenital, acquired)
Inside spermatic cord
39
Q

indirect hernia

A

Loop of bowel inside the spermatic cord.
Travels through canal, taking an indirect route.
LATERAL to inferior epigastric artery.

40
Q

direct hernia

A

Does NOT go through canal.
Loop of bowel parallels spermatic cord.
MEDIAL to inferior epigastric artery

41
Q

strangulated hernia

A

blood supply is lost

Necrosis occurs

42
Q

diastasis recti linea alba

A

large herniation between muscles of rectus abdominus

43
Q

direct inguinal hernia

A

MEDIAL to deep epigastric vessels.
ABOVE inguinal ligament.
In HASSELBACK’s TRIANGLE.

44
Q

femoral hernia

A

Neck of hernia is below inguinal ligament.

Passes thru femoral ring into femoral canal

45
Q

lumbar hernia

A

Occurs thru lumbar triangle. (superior to middle iliac crest, covered only by transversus abdominis muscle and internal oblique., AKA Petit’s triangle)

46
Q

spigelian hernia

A

Lateral ventral hernia thru semilunar line

AIM 2.2 (26 decks)

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