STIs Flashcards
painless round chancre
syphilis
cauliflower, wart like lesion
HPV
irritated cervix, increased or absent discharge (often overlooked by pt)
chlamydia
painful, fluid filled vesicles
HSV (herpes)
treatment for syphilis
penicillin
treatment for HPV
tricholacetic acid, freezing, Podophyllin
treatment for HSV (herpes)
Acyclovir, Valtrex
treatment for chlamydia
Azithromycin
describe primary prevention
- never acquire STI in first place
- most effective way of reducing STIs in women
- barrier method (condom or abstinence)
describe secondary prevention
- identify at risk population and screen them
- prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent personal complications and transmission to others
- test everyone under 24 that is sexually active
Risk reduction measures
- knowledge of partner
- reduction of # of partners
- low risk sex
- avoiding exchanges of body fluids
- vaccination
- physical barriers (condoms)
- chemical barriers (Nonoxynol 9)
- communication
describe chlamydia
infection is often silent and highly destructive
difficult to diagnose
sexualy active women 15-24 yrs have highest rates
screening/diagnosis of chlamydia
asymptomatic and pregnant women
comparisons of diagnostic procedures
treatment and education of chlamydia
Doxycycline (7 days)
Azithromycin (1 day)
*no intercourse until 7 days after med is taken
*all exposed partners need to be treated
what disease goes hand in hand with chlamydia
gonorrhea
describe gonorrhea
often asymptomatic
oldest communicable disease in US
highest rates among <25 and African Americans
treatment of gonorrhea
*rocephin
(antibiotic therapy)
cefiximine of ceftraxane
describe syphilis
- transmitted by kissing, biting, oral genital sex
- transplacental transmissions can occur
- can lead to systemic disease and death when untreated
treatment of syphilis
penicilin and sexual abstinence during treatment
treatment of syphilis
penicillin and sexual abstinence during treatment
stages of syphilis manifestation
Primary- 5-90 days after exposure (painless sore)
Secondary- 6 wks to 6 mos (body rash)
Tertiary- develops in 1/3rd of women infected (affects internal organs)
what is the most common viral STI
HPV
health care worker at greatest risk of being infected with
Hep B virus
describe PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
- infectious process most commonly involves fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries or peritoneal surfaces
- caused by multiple organisms
risk factors of PID
- young age
- nulliparity
- multiple partners
- high rate of new partners
- hx of STIs of PID
at risk for if have PID
- ectopic pregnancy
- *infertility
- chronic pelvic pain
affects 20 million Americans
most prevalent viral STI seen in ambulatory HC setting
HPV (human papillomavirus)
what are the symptoms of HPV
genital warts or venereal warts
cauliflower, wart like leison
what are the symptoms of HPV
genital warts or venereal warts
cauliflower, wart like lesion
treatment of HPV
freezing, tricholacetic acid, Podophyllin
how is HPV screened for
hx of known exposure and Pap test
describe how often pap is done
every 3 yrs starting at 21 yrs of age regardless of sexual activity
what is given to prevent HPV cancers
Gardasil vaccine
describe Gardasil
cancer vaccine and decreases/prevents genital warts
what type of HPV causes genital warts
6 and 11
how are HSV 1 & 2 transmitted
1=nonsexually
2=sexually
describe initial symptoms of HSV
painful, fluid filled vesicles
fever, chills, malaise and severe dysuria
describe herpes
HSV
- chronic and recurring
- no cure
what is given to control herpes symptoms
systemic antiviral meds
maternal infection with what strand of herpes can affect mother and fetus
HSV-2
neonatal herpes causes severe complicaitons
virus acquired through fecal oral route
vaccines are effective at preventing transmission of this
HAV (Hepatitis A virus)
what are the symptoms of HAV
flu symptoms
malaise, fatigue, anorexia, pruritus, fever, RUQ pain
most threatening virus to fetus and neonate
HBV
describe HBV
Hepatitis B virus
disease of liver and silent infection
vaccination series available
health care providers at risk
treatment of HBV
no specific treatment
spontaneous recovery 3-16 wks
what are the initial symptoms of HIV
fever, headache, malaise, N/D, wt loss, rash, sore throat
what drug decreases transmission of HIV to 1-2%
antiretroviral prophylaxis
what type of delivery is recommended for HIV pts
c section
what are the effects of STI in pregnancy
premature rupture of membranes premature labor postpartum sepsis dystocia miscarriage
what STIs are also TORCH infections
(can cross placenta and affect fetus)
- toxoplasmosis
- HIV, hepatitis
- rubella virus
- cytomegalovirus
- herpes simplex virus (HSV)
what STDs need to be reported (infection control)
chlamydia, HIV, syphilis, Hep B, Hep C, gonorrhea, chancoid
