Maternal and Fetal Nutrition Flashcards
which trimester is most critical in terms of development
first
what is very important prior to conception
folic acid
how much folic acid is recommended
0.4 mg in fortified foods recommended
Neural tube defects can occur with poor intake
what can occur in pregnant women if they do not intake enough iron
Physiologic anemia-
describe Physiologic anemia
All women are in a state of physiologic anemia due to the blood volume components of pregnancy. Increased blood volume of 1500ml is comprised of 500ml RBCs and 1000 Plasma
what is another name of physiologic anemia
hemodilution
nutrient needs during pregnancy
Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Zinc, Omega-3 fatty acids, Fluids, Minerals and vitamins (ie iron), protein, fluids
water soluble vitamins
Folate and folic acid
Vitamin C
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B12
how many extra calories per fetus
330
Hgb less than 10mg/dl
Physiologic anemia
what should you take a prenatal vitamin with
orange juice (absorbic acid) to increase iron absorption
what substances should you not consume during pregnancy
alcohol, caffeine, artificial sweetners
what is pica
abnormal cravings
ask pt “are you eating any non food substances”
this occurs due to anemia (lack of iron)
pica examples
cotton balls, dirt, detergent, baking soda, corn starch
what is normal weight gain
25-35 lbs if healthy BMI when starting
factors to consider prior to exercise during pregnancy
Dehydration
Calorie intake
nutrition related discomforts during pregnancy
Nausea and vomiting
Constipation
Heartburn (pyrosis)
what are safe postpartum weight loss goals
Nonlactating women—0.5 to 0.9kg per week
Lactating women—1 kg per month
Women who are pregnant should consume seafood that is
low in methylmercury (fetal brain damage)
what common foods should pregnant women not eat
Do not eat non-pasteurized meats and cheese due to listeria risks (maternal/neonatal infection- miscarriage/preterm delivery)
pregnancy complications related to nutrition
anemia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, and IUGR
A woman in week 34 of gestation reports that she is very uncomfortable because of heartburn. The nurse suggests that the woman
eat five small meals daily
