Breastfeeding Flashcards
the gold standard for infant nutrition
human milk
AAP recommends exclusive breastfeeding of human milk for
the first 6 months and continued breastfeeding for at least 12 months
during the second 6 months
appropriate complementary solid foods are added to the diet
benefits of breastfeeding
Long-term health benefits for both mom and baby
Enhanced bonding and attachment
Convenient, inexpensive
Environmental benefits
barriers to breastfeeding
Lack of broad social support for breastfeeding
Widespread marketing by infant formula companies
Lack of prenatal breastfeeding education
Insufficient training and education of health care professionals about breastfeeding
Employment and the need to return to work after birth
Pain, lifestyle incompatibility
when is breastfeeding contraindicated
Newborns with galactosemia
Mothers who are positive for human T cell lymphotropic virus types I or II
Mothers with untreated brucellosis
Mothers with active tuberculosis
Mothers with active herpes simplex lesions on the breasts
Mothers with HIV infection
nutrient needs
Fluids, Energy, Carbohydrates
Fat, Protein, Vitamins, Minerals
nutrient needs of baby
Fluids, Energy, Carbohydrates
Fat, Protein, Vitamins, Minerals
Milk-producing cells within lobes
alveoli
Contract to send milk to ductules
myoepithelial cells
prepares the breast to secrete milk.
prolactin
describe oxytocin
Milk ejection reflex (MER): let-down reflex
Same hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during labor
Mothers who breastfeed are at decreased risk for postpartum hemorrhage
describe the components of lactogenesis
Prolactin prepares the breast to secrete milk.
Supply-meets-demand system
Oxytocin
Nipple-erection reflex
why is human milk unique
Contains many immunologically active, protective components
colostrum
more concentrated than mature milk and extremely rich in immunoglobulins
Higher concentrations of protein and minerals but less fat than mature milk
colostrum
stages of lactogenesis
Stage I lactogenesis: begins 16 to 18 weeks of gestation
Stage II lactogenesis: begins with delivery of placenta
Stage III lactogenesis: mature milk is established, about 10 to 14 days after birth
how does breastmilk change over time
fat is the most variable component
milk production increases as baby grows
Fairly predictable growth spurts (at about 10 days, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months)
feeding readiness cues
Hand-to-mouth or hand-to-hand movements
Sucking motions
Rooting reflex
Mouthing
infant moves toward whatever touches the area around the mouth and attempts to suck
rooting reflex
when are supplements to breastfeeding necessary
Sleepy baby Fussy baby Slow weight gain Jaundice Preterm and late preterm infants Breastfeeding multiple infants
important care of breastfeeding mothers
rest
breast care
nutrition
common concerns of the breastfeeding mother
Engorgement Sore nipples Insufficient milk supply Plugged milk ducts Mastitis
when should infants be breastfed
within the first hour after birth and at least 8 to 12 times every 24 hours thereafter
Sore nipples are most often caused by
incorrect latch
