Breastfeeding

Question 1

the gold standard for infant nutrition

Answer 1

human milk

Question 2

AAP recommends exclusive breastfeeding of human milk for

Answer 2

the first 6 months and continued breastfeeding for at least 12 months

Question 3

during the second 6 months

Answer 3

appropriate complementary solid foods are added to the diet

Question 4

benefits of breastfeeding

Answer 4

Long-term health benefits for both mom and baby
Enhanced bonding and attachment
Convenient, inexpensive
Environmental benefits

Question 5

barriers to breastfeeding

Answer 5

Lack of broad social support for breastfeeding
Widespread marketing by infant formula companies
Lack of prenatal breastfeeding education
Insufficient training and education of health care professionals about breastfeeding
Employment and the need to return to work after birth
Pain, lifestyle incompatibility

Question 6

when is breastfeeding contraindicated

Answer 6

Newborns with galactosemia
Mothers who are positive for human T cell lymphotropic virus types I or II
Mothers with untreated brucellosis
Mothers with active tuberculosis
Mothers with active herpes simplex lesions on the breasts
Mothers with HIV infection

Question 7

nutrient needs

Answer 7

Fluids, Energy, Carbohydrates

Fat, Protein, Vitamins, Minerals

Question 8

nutrient needs of baby

Answer 8

Fluids, Energy, Carbohydrates

Fat, Protein, Vitamins, Minerals

Question 9

Milk-producing cells within lobes

Answer 9

alveoli

Question 10

Contract to send milk to ductules

Answer 10

myoepithelial cells

Question 11

prepares the breast to secrete milk.

Answer 11

prolactin

Question 12

describe oxytocin

Answer 12

Milk ejection reflex (MER): let-down reflex
Same hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during labor
Mothers who breastfeed are at decreased risk for postpartum hemorrhage

Question 13

describe the components of lactogenesis

Answer 13

Prolactin prepares the breast to secrete milk.
Supply-meets-demand system
Oxytocin
Nipple-erection reflex

Question 14

why is human milk unique

Answer 14

Contains many immunologically active, protective components

colostrum

Question 15

more concentrated than mature milk and extremely rich in immunoglobulins
Higher concentrations of protein and minerals but less fat than mature milk

Answer 15

colostrum

Question 16

stages of lactogenesis

Answer 16

Stage I lactogenesis: begins 16 to 18 weeks of gestation
Stage II lactogenesis: begins with delivery of placenta
Stage III lactogenesis: mature milk is established, about 10 to 14 days after birth

Question 17

how does breastmilk change over time

Answer 17

fat is the most variable component
milk production increases as baby grows
Fairly predictable growth spurts (at about 10 days, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months)

Question 18

feeding readiness cues

Answer 18

Hand-to-mouth or hand-to-hand movements
Sucking motions
Rooting reflex
Mouthing

Question 19

infant moves toward whatever touches the area around the mouth and attempts to suck

Answer 19

rooting reflex

Question 20

when are supplements to breastfeeding necessary

Answer 20

Sleepy baby
Fussy baby
Slow weight gain
Jaundice
Preterm and late preterm infants
Breastfeeding multiple infants

Question 21

important care of breastfeeding mothers

Answer 21

rest
breast care
nutrition

Question 22

common concerns of the breastfeeding mother

Answer 22

Engorgement
Sore nipples
Insufficient milk supply 
Plugged milk ducts
Mastitis

Question 23

when should infants be breastfed

Answer 23

within the first hour after birth and at least 8 to 12 times every 24 hours thereafter

Question 24

Sore nipples are most often caused by

Answer 24

incorrect latch