Final

Question 1

what are the stages of the menstrual cycle

Answer 1

1) Follicular- estrogen and LH
2) Ovulation- eggy, mittelshmerz, change in lining of ovary
3) Luteal-progesterone

Question 2

what is nagels rule

Answer 2

calculation estimated due date

-3 days +7 months -1 year

Question 3

what is mcdonals rule

Answer 3

measure fundal height to determine wks gestation (should be about the same + or - 2

Question 4

what does GTPAL stand for

Answer 4

Gravidity- # of preg
Term- # of term preg (after 36 wks)
Preterm- # preg between 20-36 wks
Abortion- # preg before 20 wks
L- # living children

Question 5

what does torch stand for

Answer 5

Toxoplasmosis, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes

Question 6

what are the stages of fetal development

Answer 6

ovum- 24 hrs after ovulation
embryo-2 wks to 8 wks
fetus- 8 wks to birth

Question 7

first sing of pregnancy

stimulates corpus luteum to produce progesterone and estrogen until placenta is developed at 20 wks

Answer 7

HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

Question 8

produced by placenta

insulin antagonist so that glucose goes to body (wt gain)

Answer 8

HCS

Question 9

only eat _____ extra calories per fetus

Answer 9

300

Question 10

greatest role in maintaining pregnancy (if decreases, lose pregnancy)

Answer 10

progesterone

Question 11

stimulates uterine development to provide suitable environment for fetus
increases excessively at delivery- at risk for blood clots

Answer 11

estrogen

Question 12

blood volume of pregnant woman increases by _____

Answer 12

1500 mL (need iron supplements)

Question 13

increased risk for what when pregnant

Answer 13

DVT and UTI

Question 14

what should Hgb be below

Answer 14

11 (otherwise will cause decreased O2 to fetus)

Question 15

what should platelets be at

Answer 15

more than 150, 000

if less than 100, 000 CANNOT have epidural

Question 16

what is couvade

Answer 16

pregnancy symptoms in father (fatigue, increased appetite and backache)

Question 17

what do you want the rubella titer to be

Answer 17

positive (good)

Question 18

what test is done 14-20 wks

Answer 18

free cell DNA to determine chromosomal abnormalities

Question 19

what test is done 16-18 wks

Answer 19

maternal serum alfa fetal protein (MSAFP) to determine down syndrome (low #) and neural tube defects (high #)
*high false positive so do amniocentesis

Question 20

what test is done at 20 wks

Answer 20

ultrasound for congenital malformations and fetal development

Question 21

what test is done 24-28wks

Answer 21

Rh testing (rhogam if neg result)
glucose ( 1 hr and 3 hr if pos)

Question 22

wt gain each semester

Answer 22

first: about 5
second and third: about 10 each
*if overweight (less) or underweight (more)

Question 23

every preg woman is in a psychological state of ____

Answer 23

anemia

need iron supplements, take with vitamin C for better absorption of iron

Question 24

consuming non food substances d/t anemia (crave iron)

clay, soil, laundry starch, cotton balls

Answer 24

PICA

Question 25

what does protein in urine suggest

Answer 25

HTN, preeclampsia (pressure in kidneys)

Question 26

what does ketones in urine suggest

Answer 26

muscle wasting and gestational diabetes

Question 27

what do nitrates in urine suggest

Answer 27

UTI

Question 28

spotting, cervix remains closed

Answer 28

threatened miscarriage

Question 29

cervix is dilated so inevitable that contents will come out of uterus

Answer 29

inevitable miscarriage

Question 30

expulsion of fetus but retained placenta

risk of infection and bleed

Answer 30

incomplete miscarriage

Question 31

no POC retained, cervix has already closed, nothing left

Answer 31

complete miscarriage

Question 32

fetus dies but NOT expelled (POC retained)

Answer 32

missed miscarriage

Question 33

termination of preg before 20 wks

Answer 33

abortion

Question 34

more than 3 spontaneous preg losses before 20 wks

Answer 34

habitual/recurrent

put in cervical clerclage to help