Final Flashcards
what are the stages of the menstrual cycle
1) Follicular- estrogen and LH
2) Ovulation- eggy, mittelshmerz, change in lining of ovary
3) Luteal-progesterone
what is nagels rule
calculation estimated due date
-3 days +7 months -1 year
what is mcdonals rule
measure fundal height to determine wks gestation (should be about the same + or - 2
what does GTPAL stand for
Gravidity- # of preg Term- # of term preg (after 36 wks) Preterm- # preg between 20-36 wks Abortion- # preg before 20 wks L- # living children
what does torch stand for
Toxoplasmosis, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes
what are the stages of fetal development
ovum- 24 hrs after ovulation
embryo-2 wks to 8 wks
fetus- 8 wks to birth
first sing of pregnancy
stimulates corpus luteum to produce progesterone and estrogen until placenta is developed at 20 wks
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
produced by placenta
insulin antagonist so that glucose goes to body (wt gain)
HCS
only eat _____ extra calories per fetus
300
greatest role in maintaining pregnancy (if decreases, lose pregnancy)
progesterone
stimulates uterine development to provide suitable environment for fetus
increases excessively at delivery- at risk for blood clots
estrogen
blood volume of pregnant woman increases by _____
1500 mL (need iron supplements)
increased risk for what when pregnant
DVT and UTI
what should Hgb be below
11 (otherwise will cause decreased O2 to fetus)
what should platelets be at
more than 150, 000
if less than 100, 000 CANNOT have epidural
what is couvade
pregnancy symptoms in father (fatigue, increased appetite and backache)
what do you want the rubella titer to be
positive (good)
what test is done 14-20 wks
free cell DNA to determine chromosomal abnormalities
what test is done 16-18 wks
maternal serum alfa fetal protein (MSAFP) to determine down syndrome (low #) and neural tube defects (high #)
*high false positive so do amniocentesis
what test is done at 20 wks
ultrasound for congenital malformations and fetal development
what test is done 24-28wks
Rh testing (rhogam if neg result) glucose ( 1 hr and 3 hr if pos)
wt gain each semester
first: about 5
second and third: about 10 each
*if overweight (less) or underweight (more)
every preg woman is in a psychological state of ____
anemia
need iron supplements, take with vitamin C for better absorption of iron
consuming non food substances d/t anemia (crave iron)
clay, soil, laundry starch, cotton balls
PICA
what does protein in urine suggest
HTN, preeclampsia (pressure in kidneys)
what does ketones in urine suggest
muscle wasting and gestational diabetes
what do nitrates in urine suggest
UTI
spotting, cervix remains closed
threatened miscarriage
cervix is dilated so inevitable that contents will come out of uterus
inevitable miscarriage
expulsion of fetus but retained placenta
risk of infection and bleed
incomplete miscarriage
no POC retained, cervix has already closed, nothing left
complete miscarriage
fetus dies but NOT expelled (POC retained)
missed miscarriage
termination of preg before 20 wks
abortion
more than 3 spontaneous preg losses before 20 wks
habitual/recurrent
put in cervical clerclage to help
