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Pharmacology 2240 - Orrock > Steroids, ENT, Pulmonay and Dermatology drugs - Module 4 > Flashcards

Steroids, ENT, Pulmonay and Dermatology drugs - Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation

A
  1. Pain
  2. heat
  3. redness
  4. swelling
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2
Q

Corticosteroids

A

are a group steroidal hormones. The prototypical, naturally occurring (endogenous) corticosteroid is “cortisol”

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3
Q

Cortisol

A

is secreted by the adrenals to:

  • Modulate glucose levels and body responses to “stress”
  • Temper the immune function, and thereby decrease the inflammatory response.
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4
Q

Eicosanoids

A

are local hormones that are derived from lipid molecules on the cell membrane of virtually all body cells.

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5
Q

corticosteroids and Cox-inhibitors

A

Corticosteroids are better antiinflammatories than Cox - inhibitors (like aspirin) because they inhibit all aspects of AA.

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6
Q

Eicosanoids work upstream of AA

A

corticosteroids also inhibit “leukotrienes” produced from the lipoxygenase enzyme.

** some of the products from that pathway contribute to allergies and asthma, corticosteroids can help in those ailments.

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7
Q

Corticosteroids - Short Term

A

First use in 1950, to treat autoimmune and allergic disease. these drugs appeared to be free of side-effects

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8
Q

Corticosteroids - Long Term

A

Long term use corticosteroids have major side - effects. Over a long period of use, pt taking corticosteroids actually develop a characteristic bydy habitus (body shape), and the person is said to be “cushinoid”

Ex. use long term to treat arthritis and lupus patients

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9
Q

Corticosteroids - Long Term

Cushinoid

A

moon faces, buffalo hump, thin skin with bruising, truncal obesity, muscle loss from thinning of extremities, hypertension, poor wound healing, edema…etc.

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10
Q

Corticosteroids drug- Local administration

A

Nasacort (triamcinolonge) and Flonase (fluticasone), inhaled corticosteroid keeping the blood levels low and less systemic side effects

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11
Q

Corticosteroids - systemic use

A

variety of creams, ointments, eye drops, ear drops, oral and systemic forms of corticosteroids.

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12
Q

Corticosteroids popular drugs - systemic use

A

Prednissone
triamcinolonge(Kenalog) - I.M
methylprednisolone( Solu-Medrol)- IV

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13
Q

methylprednisolone( Solu-Medrol)- IV

A

Can be used to treat an emergency anaphylactic reation

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14
Q

Sex Steroids “compare” to corticosteroids

A

different therapeutic effects and side effects compare to corticosteroids.

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15
Q

Sex Steroids

A

include a group of male and female sex hormones, responsible for the development of secondary “Sexual characteristics” in men and women and for libido.

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16
Q

Sex Steroids are

A

Estrogen and testosterone

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17
Q

Male androgen hormones

A

are testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

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18
Q

Female estrogens

A

is estradiol (E2)

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19
Q

Anabolic steroids (Anabolic-androgen steroids AAS)

A

“Roids” or “arnolds” mimic the effects of testosterone and DHT - Building more muscle tissue

20
Q

Anabolic-androgen steroids - AAS

Side effects of longer term use

A

Aggressive, behavior, coupled with decreased sperm counts and shrunken testes.
women - cause baldness and hirsutism

21
Q

Dianabol (methandrostenolone)

A

first anabolic steroid in the US - Sch III

22
Q

Human Growth Hormone

A

non-steroid, protein-based hormone r-hGH (recombinant human growth hormone)

23
Q

Anabolic steroids drugs and HGH drugs

A

are scheduled III because of high rates of abuse

24
Q

Abusing hGH

A

popular for athletes use due to the benefits:
* stimulation of muscle growth
* Loss of fat
* increased glucose output from the liver
Long term use will lead to acromegaly (large face)

25
Q

Decongestants

A

The epinephrine-like drugs not only act on Beta RC, but also act as Alpha-agonist vasoconstrictors to reduce upper airway congestion.

26
Q

Combo drugs (Decongestants + antihistamines)

A
  • Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine)
  • Oxymetazoline (Afrin Nasal Spray)
    cold remedies
27
Q

Sudafed

A

Decongestants OTC

doesn’t contain pseudoephedrine, now contain “Phynyleprine”

28
Q

Oxymetazoline (Afrin)

A

nasal spray for decongestants OTC

29
Q

Antihistamines

A

drugs for allergy
these drugs block H1 RC on cells found in the nose and throat.

  • when the H1 rc are blocked, histamine, which is released from mast cells, cannot bin and cause allergic effects.
30
Q

Seldane and Hismanal

A

are antihistamines, were taking off the market in 1997 - cause fatal dysrhythmias

31
Q

Claritine (loratadine)

A

antihistamines 2nd generation use today

32
Q

OTC Antihistamines

A
  • Claritin (loratadine)
  • Fexofenadine (Allegra)
  • Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
33
Q

Antihistamines - 3rd generation

A

Allegra (fexofenadine) approved 1996

Zyrtec (cetirizine)

34
Q

Antihistamines - first generation

A
  • benadryl (diphenhydramine)
  • Phenergan (promethazine)
    tended to cause drowsiness, this side effect is used in many OTC sleep medicine
  • Dimetane (brompheniramine
    *Chlor-Trimeton (chlorpheniramine)
35
Q

Leukotriene Rc bloockers

A

are inflammatory mediators (eicosanoids) produced in AA pathway. they are involved in asthma and allergies

36
Q

Leukotriene Rc blockers drugs

A

have been approved ONLY for the treatment of asthma and servere hay fever not responding to antihistamine therapy

37
Q

Singulair (montelukast)

A

Leukotrience rc blockers drug belong to “ -Leukast” family

38
Q

mast cell stabilizers

A

are used for allergies and asthma

* coat mast cells and prevent the release of their histamine granules (this causes the symptoms of an allergic reaction)

39
Q

cromolyn (NasalCrom)

A

first mast cell stabilizers type drug and still in widespread use. Allergy prevention

40
Q

Flonase (fluticasone) and Nasacort AQ (Triamcinolone)

A

treating airway inflammation (allergic rhinitis)

1st corticosteroid nasal spraythat can be purchased w/o a prescription hit the shelve in Spring 2014.

41
Q

Antibioltics for ENT use

A

these drugs are used for bacterial (NOT VIRAL) infections in middle ear, nose and throat

  • Pen VK,
  • Ammoxicillin - Penicillin family
  • Biaxin (clarithromycin) - Macrolide family
  • ciprofloxacin (Cipro) - fluoroquinolone family
42
Q

Antibioltics for ENT use - topical creams/ointments

A

ex. impetigo infections around the nose and mouth
* Bactroban (mupirocin)
* Neosporin ointment is called “triple antibiotic ointment”
(neomycin + polymyxin B + bacitracin)

43
Q

Floxin Otic (ofloxacin)

A

is a otic solution of a fluoroquninolone antibiotic - otitis externa or swimmers ear.

44
Q

Antivirals for ENT

A

the common cold is a acute, viral, upper respiratory infection - cased by viruses (usually rhino viruses)

45
Q

Symptomatic therapy

A

means therapy that is directed a the symptoms of an illness, and not at the underlying cause of the disease.

46
Q

3 viral infections of the upper respiratory tract

A

influenza - can be treated with “Relenza, Tamiflu or IIV4”
RSV in infants - don’t require drug therapy
herpectic cold sores - can be treated with “acyclovir”

47
Q

3 antifungal drugs for ENT use

A

Miconazole
clotrimazole
nystatin
for oral thrush infections and can also be part of treating some sinus infections.

Pharmacology 2240 - Orrock (17 decks)

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