Exam 1 - Review

Question 1

What is the definition of pharmacology?

Answer 1

Knowledge of drug action

The ancients used diverse substances in an attempt to treat signs and symptoms of many disorders

Question 2

What is the definition of pharmacy?

Answer 2

Science and profession concerned with

1. Preparation
2. Dispensing
3. Proper utilization of drug products

Question 3

What is the pharmacologist involved in?

Answer 3

1. the design of drugs
2. the study of toxic (toxicology)
3. the testing and therapeutic use of drugs

Question 4

What is a prescription drug?

Answer 4

Rx = prescription drug - meaning “prepare to take”

Agents whose sale is restricted and only available with an Rx from a LICENSED provider

Question 5

Drugs and medicine

Answer 5

A drug becomes a medicine when it is deliberately administered for prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a condition or malady.

Question 6

What is a nonprescription of OTC drug?

Answer 6

Drugs that can be sold with directions for safe use by the public.

Question 7

Are nonprescription drugs regulated?

Answer 7

Yes, these drugs are also monitored by the FDA

Question 8

What are the clinical considerations regarding OTC drugs that you should keep in mind as a provider?

Answer 8

1. Maybe cheaper/ useful option for a patient
2. May exacerbate a medical condition
3. drug interactions
4. Maybe used inappropriately

Question 9

What are the three basic steps of drug development?

Answer 9

1. Drug identification
2. In vitro testing and animal testing
3. Clinical testing

Question 10

What are the three modern medical uses of drugs?

Answer 10

1. Therapeutic use
2. Preventive uses
3. Diagnostic uses

Question 11

What happens once a drug is identified?

Answer 11

Animal testing occurs

Question 12

What are the purposes of animal testing?

Answer 12

• drug characteration

* Determination of a lethal dose

Question 13

What are the three names that are given to a drug?

Answer 13

• Chemical name - Generic name - Trade name

Question 14

What is the chemical name of a drug?

Answer 14

which describes the chemical structure of the drug used the manufacturers and chemists

Question 15

What is the generic name of a drug?

Answer 15

which is the adopted name; Council of experts defines the generic name

Question 16

What is the trade name of a drug?

Answer 16

only the company which developed the drug can use this patented, protected proprietary name
***registered brand name or trademark given to a specific drug.

Question 17

How are the five general methods for classifying drugs?

Answer 17

Drug action
Molecular target 
Drug source
Chemical nature 
Generic name

Question 18

What type of drug classification is “antiviral agent?”

Answer 18

Drug action

Question 19

What type of drug classification is “Beta-Blocker?”

Answer 19

Molecular target

Question 20

What type of drug classification is “atropine?”

Answer 20

Drug source

Atropine is a naturally occuring compound from the ATROPA genus of plants

Question 21

What type of drug classifications are the titles, “steroids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines?”

Answer 21

Chemial nature

Question 22

What type of drug classification is “atorvastatin?”

Answer 22

Generic name

Question 23

What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 23

“What the body does to a drug.”

Question 24

What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 24

“What the drug does to the body.”

Question 25

1803

Answer 25

Morphine isolated from crude opium

Question 26

1899

Answer 26

Aspirin introduced

Question 27

1908

Answer 27

Sulfanilamide introduced (first anti-infective drug - not marketed as an anti-infective until early 1930s)

Question 28

1922

Answer 28

Insulin isolated from animal sources

Question 29

1942

Answer 29

Penicillin introduced (this antibiotic helped the Allies at the end of WWII

Question 30

1945

Answer 30

Benadryl introduced (first antihistamine- H1 blocker)

Question 31

1948

Answer 31

Cortisone introduced (first systemic Cortisosteroid)

Question 32

1957

Answer 32

First benzodiazepine (Valium-like drug) introduced for “neurosis” - anxiety disorders

Question 33

1958

Answer 33

Haldol introduced for psychosis (Schizophrenia)

Question 34

1967

Answer 34

Inderal introduced for hypertension (first beta-blocker)

Question 35

1977

Answer 35

Tagamet introduced for peptic ulcer disease (first H2 blocker antihistamine)

Question 36

1982

Answer 36

First drug made using recombinant DNA technology (human insulin-Humulin)

Question 37

1987

Answer 37

Alteplase (the first recombinant DNA-made “clot buster” - for dissolving blood clots during heart attack and stroke

Question 38

1987

Answer 38

AZT (zidovudine, Retrovir) introduced (first anti-AIDS drugs)

Question 39

1999

Answer 39

Celebrex introduced for arthritis (first COX-2 inhibitor)

Question 40

2000

Answer 40

Many decongestants and appetite suppressants were withdrawn from the market or reformulated when it was discovered that the main ingredients (phynylpropanolamine, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine) were being converted to amphetamines or were found to cause deaths.

Question 41

2001

Answer 41

Anthrax attack mon the U.S. creates high demand for the fluroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin

Question 42

2002

Answer 42

Botox introduced for the treatment of facial wrinkles-also used now to treat migraine headaches

Question 43

2006

Answer 43

Gardasil introduced (first vaccine against cervical cancer- -first vaccine against any cancer)

Question 44

2007

Answer 44

Zyrtec is sold over the counter in the same dosage strength as its prescription form