Antitussives and Expectorants - Module 4

Question 1

antitussives suppress coughing

Answer 1

by working on the cough center in the brain stem or by anesthetizing the stretch rc in the respiratory tract

Question 2

Codeine/morphine and hydrocodone

Answer 2

Narcotic cough suppressant are the best antittussive drugs. Any opioid will also be used…heroin…

Question 3

OTC cough and cold medicine

Answer 3

Dextromethorphan (DM or DXM) is more widely used today. NOT AN OPIOID

Question 4

Codeine

Answer 4

for many years was the drug most often given to suppress a cough.

Question 5

Expectorants

Answer 5

reduce the thickness of sputum of sputum so that pt can more easily cough it up

Question 6

Guaifenesin

Answer 6

is the only expectorant we will study

• derived from the guaiac tree, the resin of which has been used for centuries in cough and cold remedies - must take with water
• pupular OTC cough and cold - Robitussin

Question 7

vertigo

Answer 7

is a disorder with equilibrium, caused a problem in the inner ear. often it is just a temporary viral infection that cases it. sometimes it can be a sign of more serious inner ear disease

Question 8

Cerumenex

Answer 8

hydrogen peroxide -H2O2

ear drops to soften ear wax impaction

Question 9

Drug to treat motion sickness and vertigo

Answer 9

Dramamine - antihistamine

Question 10

Drug to prevent motion sickness

Answer 10

Scopolamine (Transderm Scop) - a belladonna anticholinergic drug,

Question 11

Pulmonary diseases

Answer 11

Asthma
COPD = emphyseam - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
10 people die every day in US due to these disease

Question 12

drugs use to relax bronchial smooth muscle to treat asthma, emphyseam (COPD) and EIA (exercise induced asthma)

Answer 12

Bronchodilators can be given by mouth or injection or nebulized as liquid or powder

Question 13

Bronchodialators - sympathetic

Front door

Answer 13

stimulation dilates the bronchioles and relieves asthma

** catecholamines (adrenergic drugs - are “front door” bronchodialators

Question 14

Bronchodialators - parasympathetic

Back door

Answer 14

stimulation causes bronchoconstriction

** anticholinergics produce effects complimentary to the sympathetic agonists - “back door”

Question 15

Bronchodialators - Side door

Answer 15

Methylxanthines, through a different mechanism

Question 16

All the sympathomimetics

Answer 16

stimulate the beta2 adrenergic rc - B2 agonists cause bronchial smooth muscles to relax

Question 17

Beta1 Rc agonists

Answer 17

cause the heart rate to speed up

Question 18

Alpha agonist

Answer 18

cause most blood vessels to constrict

Question 19

“Front-door” sympathomimetic bronchodialators drugs

Answer 19

epinephrine - mixed Beta1, Beta2 and Alpha rc adrenergic agonist. this drug used to treat asthma in 1910.

Ephedrine, amphetamine, cocaine - non-selective sympathetic nervous system “stimulants”

Question 20

Better bronchodilators drug for everyday use than epinephrine

Answer 20

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) - is the prototypical fast onset, short acting beta2 selective. open the airways w/o stimulating the heart

Question 21

albuterol

Answer 21

is quick acting and lasts about 4-6 hours used as a “rescue inhaler”

Question 22

Two of the best long acting beta 2 agonist (LABA)

Answer 22

salmeterol and formoterol - with extended duration of action up to 12 hrs

Question 23

“Back door” Bronchodilators

Answer 23

Anticholinergics are atropine - like drugs

Question 24

sympathomimetics

Answer 24

positive simulator of the sympathetic - agonist

Question 25

sympatholytics

Answer 25

Negative stimulator of sympathetic antagonist

Question 26

parasympathomimetics

Answer 26

positive simulator of the parasympathetic - agonist

Question 27

parasympatholytics

Answer 27

Negative stimulator of parasympathetic antagonist

Question 28

ipratropium

Answer 28

is the prototype parasympatholytic - results in bronchodialation in a manner opposite "back door" of the adrenergic agonists

Question 29

methylxanthines | found in black tea

Answer 29

are toxic to some animals - ingredient in unsweetened dark chocolate.

Question 30

Xanthine

Answer 30

are a group of alkaloids commonly used for mild stimulants and as bronchodialtors, notably in treating the symptoms of asthma (not a drug choice). Side-door non-sympathetic bronchodilators

Question 31

Advair Diskus | Sympathomimetic Bronchodilators

Answer 31

salmeterol + fluticasone - Powder | popular combination of beta 2 agonist combined with potent corticosteroid.

Question 32

LTA

Answer 32

Leukotrience rc antagonists

Question 33

Leukotrience

Answer 33

are inflammatory mediators involved in asthma and allergies

Question 34

Singulair (montelukast) by Merck- LTA

Answer 34

have been approved for treatment of asthma and serve hay fever not responsive to antihistamine therapy.

Question 35

Accolate (zafirlukast) by Zeneca - LTA

Answer 35

Leukotrience Rc antagonists

Question 36

Mast Cell Stabilizers

Answer 36

``` Cromolyn sodium (NasalCrome) Drug that coat mast cells and prevent the release of their allergy causing granules. ``` Cromolyn sodium was first developed for use in the lungs as the drug Intal

Question 37

Mast cell

Answer 37

release histamine causing bronchoconstriction in an asthmatic or an allergy reaction in a person with hay fever.

Question 38

corticosteroids /mast cell stabilizers

Answer 38

are only used prophylactic ally because they do NOT promote immediate bronchodialation - they can only prevent the bronchconstrictions form occuring