Plumonary / Dermatology drugs - Module 4

Question 1

Corticosteroids

Answer 1

this group of drugs reduces inflammation by suppressing almost all inflammatory products in the immune response.

Question 2

ABX for lung infections

Answer 2

pen PK
amoxicillin
macrolides like clarithromycin and azithromycin
ciprofloxacin (Cipro) in a fluoroquinolone

Question 3

antitussives

Answer 3

suppress coughing

dextromethorphan are the best antitussive agents

Question 4

expectorants

Answer 4

thin mucous and aid in expectoration

guaifenesin - derived from the guaiac tree, is most popular expectorant in drugs like “Robitussin”

Question 5

Nicotine in cigarette

Answer 5

delivered via gum, patches, or sprays

NicoDerm patches and Nicorette chewing gum

Question 6

antidepressant Rx drug

Answer 6

bupropion (Wellbutrin) was remarketed under the name Zyban - priscribed for smoking sessation

Question 7

nicotine rc blockers

Answer 7

Chantix (varenicline) - most effective addition to antismoking drug therapy

Question 8

Chantix (varenicline)

Answer 8

allows pt to ween themselves from the effects of nicotine, while still smoking for a part of the therapy.
**works by activating nicotine rc and blocking nicotine from attaching to them.

Question 9

Chantix (varenicline) - serious neuropsychiatric symptoms

Answer 9

suicidal ideation and erratic behavior

• behavior changes
• agitation
• depressed mood
• suicidal ideation
• Suicide

Question 10

astringents

Answer 10

in “Toners” shrink or constrict by coagulating skin proteins

Question 11

antiinflammatory

Answer 11

agents can be natural products to powerful conrticosteroids drugs - from treating sunburn to eczema

Question 12

keratolytics and caustic agents

Answer 12

keratolytics increase the turnover rate of the new skin cells, causing old skin to shed. Caustic dissolved the horny layer and deeper.

Question 13

Emollients and moisturizers

Answer 13

they are formulated as eye, wrinkle, and anti-aging creams, lotions and gels

Question 14

Toners

Answer 14

contain chemical compounds called “astringents”, that shrink or constrict the skin and cause mild coagulation of skin proteins.
Witch hazel, rubbing alcohol and vinegar

Question 15

Keratolytics

Answer 15

sometimes called “anti seborrheics” increased skin turnover is the exfoliation of inflamed sebaceous glands (in acne)

Question 16

Caustic agents

Answer 16

are outright toxic to any organic tissue their effects on the skin are somewhat like keratolytics but on a much more severe level

Question 17

Eczema

Answer 17

means inflammation or “dermatitis”
some of the most common causes of eczema (dermatitis) are:
1. Irritant dermatitis - sunburn
2. Atopy - implies an underlying allergic phenomenon (eczema, hay fever and asthma form the atopic triad
3. Infections - from various fungi, bacteria, and viruses

Question 18

treating of dermatitis -Inflammation and Itching

Answer 18

• hydrocortisone 1% (cortaid)
• Triamcinolong (Kenalog) cream - Rx strenght steroids
• Prednisone - Rx
• diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - topical and oral

Question 19

Sunscreen

water resistant or sweat resistant

Answer 19

cannot called “sunblocks” or “waterproof” or sweatproof” under new regulation

Question 20

Sunburn

Answer 20

The SPF rating is a measure of the time it would take you to sunburn if you were not wearing sunscreen as opposed to the time it would take with sunscreen on.

Question 21

Broad specturm SPF

Answer 21

SPF 15 = blocks 94% of UVB rays - all you need
SPF 30 = blocks 97% UVB rays
SPF 45 = blocks 98% UVB rays

Question 22

Ultraviolet Spectrum

Answer 22

UVA = Light causes "aging"
UVB = Light causes "burning"

Question 23

Micronized titanium dioxide and zince oxide

Answer 23

the ugly paste - reflect/ block rays

Question 24

Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)

Answer 24

is on of the most popular sunscreen - absorb rays

Question 25

Benadryl (diphenhydramine)

Answer 25

Antihistamines are commonly used, but are relatively ineffective on most skin rashes - systemic treatment of inflammation

Question 26

prednisone

Answer 26

oral corticosteroids - dermatitis systemically treatment

Question 27

Pediculosis

Infections of the skin

Answer 27

is a common type of skin infection we haven’t yet considered - lice, chigger mites, and scabies

Question 28

Permethrin (Elimite, NIX)

Infections of the skin

Answer 28

OTC drug used to treat pediculosis, scabies

Question 29

Acne Vulgaris

Answer 29

is caused by clogged pores and overactive sebaceous glands. both infection + inflammation - teenage acne vulgaris

Question 30

Rosacea

Answer 30

adult form of acne - characterized by pustules, erythema and inflammation of small blood vessels of the face

Question 31

Drugs for acne vulgaris - Topical

Answer 31

OTC antibacterials, antiseptics and keratolytics

• Benzoyl peroxide (Benzac) - antiseptics + keratolytics
• Clearac Plus - saicylic acid toptical keratolytics
• Erythromycin (Eryderm) and Clindamycin (Cleocin T, for topical)

Question 32

Drugs for acne vulgaris - oral

Answer 32

• minocycline (Minocin)

* Tetracycline

Question 33

Drugs for acne vulgaris - topical Rx keratolytics

Answer 33

Tretinoin topical (Rentin-A) - treat cystic Acne

Question 34

Isotretinoin (Accutane)

Answer 34

**Treating severe cystic acne on the face
is a known teratogen and is associated with severe psychiatric disease (depression and suicide ideation in some pts). also cause birth defect in pregnancy women.

Question 35

Treating Acne Rosacea

Answer 35

Metronidazole, topically (MetroGel) or orally is unsed for maintenance therapy.

Question 36

Treatment of Dermatitis - Sun Burns

Answer 36

• para- aminobenzoic acid (PABA) - absorb rays
• Avobenzone - blocks both UVA and UVB
• Micronized titanium dioxide - reflex, block rays
• benzocaine (Solarcaine) topical local anesthetic - use after sunburn
• Caladryl lotion (calamine to sooth + pramoxine as an anti itch
• Aloe vera gel