Drugs that affect the ANS - Moldule2

Question 1

Nervous system IS DIVIDED INTO:

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 2

CNS

Answer 2

Somatic Nervous System - Controls skeletal muscles and voluntary movement

Question 3

PNS

Answer 3

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - controls smooth muscle, heart and glands.

1. Sympathetic - adrenergic “fight or flight”
2. Parasympathetic - Cholinergic “rest and digest”

Question 4

Most of the drugs work on the ANS

Answer 4

The Sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic NS work together to achieve the desired effect

Question 5

Sympathetic neuron and neurotransmitter

Answer 5

Adrenergic receptors

NE (Norepinephrine)- Chemicals found in the body that activate (are agonist at) those rc.

Question 6

Parasympathetic neuron and neurotransmitter

Answer 6

Muscarinic receptors

Ach - Chemicals found in the body that activate (are agonists at) those rc.

Question 7

Cholinergic drugs

Answer 7

act as “Agonists” at the Ach rc and bind to the Ach rc to cause a positive (parasympathetic) action which varies depending on the organ those receptors occupy.

Question 8

If salivary glands - Ach agonist cause?

Answer 8

Ach agonists cause salivation

Question 9

If it’s the stomach - Ach agonist cause?

Answer 9

Ach agonists increase hydrochloric acid production and stimulate peristalsis

Question 10

Cholinergic antagonist

Answer 10

binds to the same rc, but have “anticholinergic” effects (often side-effects), such as causing dry mouth or constipation

Question 11

Adrenergic agonists and antagonists

Answer 11

binding to an adrenergic rc - Sympathetic neuron

Question 12

Acetylcholine

Answer 12

Muscarinic - Cholinergic rc (parasympathetic)

Nicotinic - Chlolineric rc (parasympathetic)

Question 13

ALPHA / BETA (BETA 1, BETA2, BETA 3)

Answer 13

Adrenergic receptor (Sympathetic)

Question 14

Bethanechol

Answer 14

Cholinergic Agonists - Parasympathetic
Ach agonists would act “like” the drug acetylcholine.
it has a long duration of action than Ach.

used to treat urinary retention and gastrointestinal atony, or lack of muscular tone (it makes you pee and poop…and salivate)

Question 15

Anticholinergic drugs=cholinergic Antagonist

Answer 15

are used to block over-activity in the G.I. and Urinary tracts

Question 16

Ditropan (oxybutynin)

Answer 16

Cholinergic Antagonists - Parasympathetic
Anticholinergic drugs given as antispasmodics to relax the smooth muscle - often they are given in combination with bladder analgesics and sedatives.

***blocks Ach receptors, and is usually prescribed for folks with “overactive” bladders. it keeps a person from peeing and pooping too much.

Side effect is the dry mouth

Question 17

Adrenergic agonists - use for?

Answer 17

support the heart rate and blood pressure

they are commonly used to resuscitate patients in shock or near death.

Question 18

Dopamine and dobutamine -treat? agonist or antagonist?

Answer 18

Adrenergic agonists - support the heart rate and blood pressure. commonly used to resuscitate pt in shock or near death.

are two epinephrine like drugs with B-rc and Alpha rc agonist action

Question 19

Adrenergic Antagonists

Answer 19

are used to block “excessive” adrenergic activity which slows the heart rate, lowers blood pressure, and improves survival after heart attacks and in patients in heart failure.

Question 20

Inderal (propranolol)

Answer 20

Adrenergic Antagonists
is a Beta-blockers, the prototype of the class
use to treat hyperactive children

Question 21

Bethanechol

Answer 21

Parasympthetic (Cholinergic) Agonists
Longer duration of action than Ach
used to treat urinary retention and gastrointestinal atony or lack of muscular tone( it makes you pee and poop…and salivate)

Question 22

Atropine

Answer 22

Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Antagonists

is the prototype of this group

Question 23

Ditropan

Answer 23

Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Antagonists

blocks Ach receptors, and is usually prescribed for folks with “overactive” bladders. The anticholinergic effects lessern bladder and bowel spasm. it keeps a person from peeing and pooping too much.
Atypical side effect is the dry mouth

Question 24

Curare

Answer 24

Somatic (Cholinergic/nicotinic) Antagonists
the amazonian dart poison, blocks the “nicotinic” Ach rc that makes the skeletal muscles move. Blocking these receptors results in paralysis…a true muscle relaxant.

Question 25

albuterol

Answer 25

Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Agonists

is a mostly Beta2 agonist used in inhalers to treat asthma

Question 26

cocaine, ephedrine,pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, amphetamine (5 drugs)

Answer 26

Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Agonists

non-catechollamine adrenergic rcagonists but they don’t contain the catechol structure as part of their chemical make-up

Question 27

Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Agonosts - drugs?

Answer 27

Epi, Norepinephrine
albuterol
dopamine, dobutamine
cocaine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phynylephrine, amphetamine

Question 28

Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Antagonists - drug?

Answer 28

Inderal (propranolol)

Question 29

Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Agonists - drug?

Answer 29

Bethanechol

Question 30

Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Antagonists - drug?

Answer 30

Atropine
Scopolamine
Ditropan (oxybutynin)

Question 31

acetylcholine

Answer 31

Parasympathetic (cholinergic) Agonist
Receptor- Cholinergic (Muscarinic and Nicolinic)
action: LOWERs blood pressure and heart rate, constricts lungs and pupils, stimulate flow of saliva, stimulate peristalsis, and contract bladder.

Question 32

epinephrine/norepinephrien

Answer 32

Sympathetic Agonist
receptor- adrenergic (alpha1, B1 and B2)
action - raises blood pressure and heart rate, dilates lungs and pupils, increases blood flow to muschles

Question 33

“Best” cholinergic agonists are

Answer 33

nerve gas poisons

Question 34

the side effect: Flatulence

Answer 34

Alpha glucosidase inhibiter

Question 35

drug interactions

Answer 35

Drug to drug
drug to food
cause: sedation, slow reflex and hypoglycemia (accident)