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Biology20: Elementary Botany (Lecture) > Stems And Leaves > Flashcards

Stems And Leaves Flashcards

1
Q

Above ground portion of plant

Includes stems, leaves, buds, flowers and fruits

A

Shoot

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2
Q

Site of food production

A

Leaves

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3
Q

Its function is conduction and support

A

Stems

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4
Q

Initiated in embryo from epicotyl

A

Shoot development

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5
Q

Where leaves arise; point of growth along a twig

A

Nodes

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6
Q

Interval between nodes

A

Internodes

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7
Q

Buds along the side; aka lateral buds

A

Axillary

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8
Q

Buds at the end of twig

A

Terminal buds

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9
Q

It determines age of twig

A

Bud scale scar

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10
Q

Functions of stem

A

Support, produce carbohydrates, store materials, transport water

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11
Q

Types of stems

A

Herbaceous, woody, caulescent, acaulescent, aerial (erect, prostrate, decumbent, caespitose, scandent, scampose), underground

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12
Q

Type of stem that is soft green and short lived ex: tomato

A

Herbaceous

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13
Q

Type of stem that’s hard brown and long lived

A

Woody

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14
Q

Type of stem w/ nodes and internodes

A

Caulescent

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15
Q

Type of stem with compressed indistinguishable nodes and internodes. Looks stemless. ex: lettuce

A

Acaulescent

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16
Q

Type of stem that has a normal growth under the sun

A

Erect

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17
Q

Horizontal shoot flushed to the ground

A

Prostrate

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18
Q

Horizontal shoot that’s not flushed to the ground

A

Decumbent

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20
Q

Twining stem; vine like (ex: ampalaya)

A

Scandent

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21
Q

Acaulescent inerect leafless flowering stalk

A

Scapose

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22
Q

Underground stems; are also modified stems for storage

A

Rhizome, tuber, corm

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23
Q

Underground stem that is horizontal, elongated often thick and fleshy

A

Rhizome

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24
Q

Like a rhizome but compressed and enlarged

A

Tuber

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25
Q

Underground stem that’s vertical compressed

A

Corm

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26
Q

Product of apical meristem including dermal ground and vascular tissues

A

Primary stem

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28
Q

Modified stem that reproduces asexually

A

Stolon/Runner

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29
Q

Modified stem that is for support

A

Tendrils

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30
Q

Modified stem that looks like leaf

A

Cladophylls

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31
Q

Modified stem that is for protection

A

Thorn

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32
Q

Modified stem that contain water

A

Succulent

37
Q

Reservoir of food

A

Phelloderm

38
Q

Part of periderm that is for gas exhange

A

Lenticel

39
Q

Leaves function

A

Solar energy and CO2 collector

40
Q

Origin of leaves

A

Leaf primordium of shoot apex

42
Q

External anatomy of leaves

A

Blade (lamina), margin (edge), veins, petiole, stipules (2 appendages that serves for protection)

42
Q

Type of stem that produces multiple shoots, forming tufts or cushions

A

Caespitose

43
Q

Two appendages at the base of the petioles

A

Stipule

43
Q

3 main tissues of of primary meristem

A

Epidermis, ground tissue, vascular bundle

44
Q

Arrangement of leaves; purpose: for all leave to get sun light

A

Phyllotaxy

44
Q

All plants have ____ growth

A

Primary

45
Q

Different phyllotaxy of leaves

A

Opposite, alternate, whorled, basal, distichous, decussate

45
Q

Only ______ can have secondary growth

A

Eudicots

46
Q

Two types of leaves

A

Simple and compound

46
Q

Secondary growth is responsible for ________

A

Increase in girth, size and volume, woodiness

47
Q

Leaf type that has an undivided blade with a single axillary bud at the base of the petiole

A

Simple

47
Q

_______ never have secondary growth

A

Leaves

48
Q

Divided into leaflets that lack an auxiliary bud but each has a single bud at the base of the petiole

A

Compound

48
Q

Outer edge

A

Exogenous

49
Q

Lateral root

A

Endogenous

50
Q

Type of compound leaf; PAIRS attached along a circle rachis

A

Pinnately compound

51
Q

Type of compound leaf; leaflets attached at same point at end of petiole

A

Palmately compound

52
Q

Another type of leaf where petioles are in the middle of the blade

A

Peltate

53
Q

Leaves are pierced by stems

A

Perfoliate

54
Q

Arrangement of veins

A

Venation

55
Q

Has one or few prominent midveins from w/c smaller veins branch; dicots

A

Netted or reticulate

56
Q

Two types of netted vein

A

Pinnately (main vein/midrib) or palmately veined (veins radicate out of base)

57
Q

Type of venation common to monocots

A

Parallel venation

58
Q

Venation whete there is no midrib; individual veins fork out of base; fanshaped

A

Dichotomous

59
Q

Internal anatomy of vein

A

Upper epidermis, palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma, lower epidermis

60
Q

Leaf where 2 sides are different

A

Bifacial

61
Q

Leaf where two sides are mirror images

A

Unifacial

62
Q

Cells that are bigger and have a special purpose

A

Buliform cells

63
Q

Modified leaves

A

Tendrils, shade leaves, drought resistant, prickles and thorns, storage/succulent, reproductive, insect trapping, bracts, window leaves, false stem leaves, flowerpot leaves

64
Q

Modified leaves that allow plant to cling; for support; reduced in size

A

Tendrils

65
Q

Modified leaves that are thinner, have fewer hairs and are LARGE

A

Shade

66
Q

Modified leaves that have thick sunken stomata

A

Drought resistant

67
Q

Modified leaves that are epidermal outgrowths and are hypodermic trichomes

A

Thorns

68
Q

Retain water

A

Storage/succulent

69
Q

Modified leaves that have plantlets arising at its margin

A

Reproductive

70
Q

Insect trapping leaves

A

Venus fly trap or pitcher plants

71
Q

Modified leaves that are petal like

A

Bracts

72
Q

Modified leaves that are buried in soul with transparent part exposed to light; also reduce water loss

A

Window leaves

73
Q

Pseudo stem

A

False stem leaves

74
Q

Modified leaves that catch water and debris for nutrient collection

A

Flowerpot

Biology20: Elementary Botany (Lecture) (13 decks)

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