Angiosperms and Roots Flashcards
Life cycle of seed
Sporophyte (spore producing) - megaspore and microspore - gametophyte (haploid/sex cell) - egg and sperm - zygote - seed
Non vascular plants
Bryophyta (moss, liverwort)
Types of vascular plants
Seedless (pteridophyta) and with seed
Baby plant with own food
Seed
Phyla that have naked ovules born on modified sporopylls. Ex: conifers, gingko, cycas
Gymnosperms
Known as anthophyta. Phylum that has ovules enclosed within megasporophyll (carpel)
Angiosperm
“the vessel seed”
Angiosperm
Major characteristics of angiosperm
Flower, presence of vessels as water conductors, double fertilization
A determinate shoot of sporophyte that is modified for reproduction
Flower
Two classes of angiosperm
Monocot and eudicots
Make up underground portion of sporophyte
Roots
Functions of roots
Anchor, absorb nutrients, produce hormone, storage
Root systems
Fibrous roots and tap root
Types of roots
Primary, secondary/lateral, adventitious
Regions of root tip
Root cap, meristem region, r of elongation, r of differentiation/maturation
Region of root tip that covers and protects delicate cells in meristematic region
Root cap
Region of cell division (new cells develop)
Meristem region
Area where cells grow in length
Region of elongation
Area where cells become specialized for different jobs
Region of differentiation
Cross section of roots
Epidermis(outer layer, protection), cortex(inside epidermis, main storage), endodermis (controls flow into vascular cylinder)
Vascular cylinder
Xylem (starshape), phloem (between rays of star), pericycle (give rise to lateral roots)
Root hairs use ATP (active transport in plant) to:
Pump minerals, cause water to follow osmosis
For water retention
Casparian strip
Modified roots
Storage (kamote and radish), aerial (orchids), haustaria (parasitic), prop, buttresses, pneumatophore (snorkle), nodules (symbiotic), mycorthizae (fungal), climbing
Problem: resources of water and light were separated from one another
Solution: development of meristems
Problem: support was difficult
Solution: tissues with lignin (woody)
Problem: not all parts were exposed to water
Solution: cuticle and vascular system
Problem: not all parts perform photosynthesis
Solution: phloem
Problem: lack of water for sperm transport
Solution: spores with pollen
Problem: exposure to UV light
Solution: flavonoid (absorb uv)
Problem: eaten by animals
Solution: secondary metabolites
