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Biology20: Elementary Botany (Lecture) > Diversity Of Life > Flashcards

Diversity Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

4 stage origin of life hypothesis

A

1 abiotic synthesis of organic monomers
2 polymer formation
3 origin of self replicating molecules
4 molecule packaging (protobionts)

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2
Q

Primitive earth; volcanic vapors w/c reducing atmosphere; lightning and UV

A

Oparin (rus)

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3
Q

Protenoid formation (abiotic polypeptides) from organic monomers dripped into hot sand

A

Fox

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4
Q

Coacervates protobionts; aggregate macromolecules, abiotic; surrounded by a s of h2

A

Oparin

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5
Q

Experiment with water, h2, methane ammonia; all 20 amino acids nitrogen bases and atp formed

A

Miller/Urey

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6
Q

First genetic material; abiotic production of ribnucleotides; ribo zymes; RNA cooperation; formation of short polypeptides (replication enzymes)

A

Abiotic genetic replication

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7
Q

Majpr lineages of life

A

Moneta, pritsta, plantae, fungi, animalia; bacteria, archaea, eukarya

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8
Q

Two domains of kingdom monera

A

Bacteria, archaea

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9
Q

Shapes of kingdom monera

A

Cocci- sphere
Bacilli- rod
Helical- spiral

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10
Q

Structural characteristics

A

Cell wall- peptidoglycan

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11
Q

For adherence protection; kingdom monera

A

Capsule

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12
Q

For adherence and conjugation

A

Pill

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13
Q

Motility of kingdom monera

A

Flagella, helical shape (spirocletes), slime, taxis (movement away or towards stimulus)

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14
Q

Form and function of kingdom monera

A

Nucleoid region (genophore: noneukaryotic chromosome), plasmids; asexual reproduction/binary fission

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15
Q

Uptake of genes from surrounding environment

A

Transformation

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16
Q

Direct gene transfer from 1 prokaryote to another

A

Conjugation

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17
Q

Gene transfer by viruses

A

Teansduction

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18
Q

Resistant cells for harsh condition

A

Endospore

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19
Q

Photosynthetic; harness light to drive synthesis of organica (cyanobacteria)

A

Photoautotrophs

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20
Q

Oxidation of inorganics for energy; get carbon from co2

A

Chemo autotrophs

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21
Q

Use light to generate atp but get co2 in organic form

A

Photoheterotrophs

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22
Q

Consume organic molecule for both energy and carbon

A

Chemoheterotrophs

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23
Q

Dead organic matter- decomposer

A

Saprobes

24
Q

Absorb nutrients from living hosts

A

Parasites

25
Q

Conversion to atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium

A

Nitrogen fixation

26
Q

Obligate aerobes; facultative anaerobes; obligate anaerobes

A

Oxygen relationships

27
Q

Unlock organics from corpses and wastes

A

Decomposer

28
Q

Bacterial proteins that can produce disease without prokaryote (botulism)

A

Exotoxin

29
Q

Components of gram membranes (salmonella)

A

Endotoxin

30
Q

Types of protists

A

Ingestive (animal like- protozoa), absorptive (fungus), photosynthetic (plant like)

31
Q

Mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly from small prokaryotes living within larger cells (margulis)

A

Endosymbionic theory

32
Q

Groups lacking mitochondria

A

Protists

33
Q

Autotrophic and heterotrophic flagellates (tse tse fly)

A

Eugienoids

34
Q

Bound cavities (alveoli) under cell surfaces dinoflagellates (phytoplankton)

A

Alveolata

35
Q

Diatoms

A

Phytoplanktons

36
Q

Phaeophyta

A

Brown algae

37
Q

Rhodophyta

A

Red algae; no flagellated staged; phycobilin pigment

38
Q

Chlorophyta

A

Green algae; land plants

39
Q

Mycetozoa

A

Slime molds that use pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding

40
Q

Heterotrophic by absorption; decomposer

A

Fungi

41
Q

Aquatic fungi (chytrids), closest to protists

A

Phy chytridiomycota

42
Q

Rhizopus (food mold), mycorrhizae, mutualistic, zygosporangia

A

Zygomycota

43
Q

Sac fungi, yeasts, morels

A

Ascomycota

44
Q

Club fungus, mushrooms

A

Basidiomycota

45
Q

Has only the asexual stage

A

Molds

46
Q

Unicellulat, asexual budding

A

Yeasts

47
Q

Symbiotic association held in hyphae mesh

A

Lichens

48
Q

Root and fungi mutualism; increase absorptive surface of roots

A

Mycorrhizae

49
Q

Mosses

A

Bryophytes

50
Q

Ferns

A

Pteridophytes

51
Q

Pines and conifers

A

Gymnosperms

52
Q

Flowering plants

A

Angiosperm

53
Q

Green algae; closest plant ancestor

A

Charophytes

54
Q

Charophytes similarities with plants

A

Chloroplasts, biochemical, cell division, sperm, genetic

55
Q

Charophyte differences from plants

A

Apical meristem, multicellular, alternation of generation, walled spores, gametangia

Biology20: Elementary Botany (Lecture) (13 decks)

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