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Biology20: Elementary Botany (Lecture) > Plant Systematics > Flashcards

Plant Systematics Flashcards

1
Q

Science that includes traditional taxonomy and phylogeny

A

Systematics

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2
Q

Evolutionary history of life

A

Phylogenetic reconstruction

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3
Q

Four components of taxonomy

A

Description, classification, nomenclature, identification

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4
Q

Subjects under study; any group of organisms

A

Taxon

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5
Q

Assignment of features or attributes to a taxon, characters, tools for communication, categorizing and delimiting the attributed of a taxon (ex: petal color: blue)

A

Description

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6
Q

Characters contributing to the description

A

Taxonomic characters

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7
Q

Purpose of classifying

A

Put some order, better understanding of diversity, cataloging and expressing, grouping and ranking

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8
Q

Swedish botanist who developed binomial classification; uses two latin words to indicate the genus and species

A

Karl von linne; carolus linnaeus

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9
Q

Major means of classification

A

Phenetic and phylogenetic

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10
Q

Classification based on overall similarities; common to everyone

A

Phenetic

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11
Q

Classification based on evolutionary history or pattern of descent; represented in cladogram; evolution is a change from preexisting character to new character

A

Phylogenetic

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12
Q

Problem with phenetic class

A

Can be arbitrary

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13
Q

Phylogenetic tree; has lines for lineage or clades that denote descent; has branching- divergence from a common ancestor

A

Cladogram

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14
Q

Formal naming of taxa according to standardized system; international code of botanical nomenclature; taxon has one scientific name; binomial

A

Nomenclature

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15
Q

Underscored or italicized; generic name always capitalized; specific epithet not capitalized; species name binomial

A

Scientific names

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16
Q

Why use scientific names

A

Universal, common names are not consistent, tells nothing about rank, not all organisms have common name

17
Q

ICBN

A

International code of binomial nomenclature

18
Q

Principles of ICBN

A

Independence, type, priority, correct name, latinized, retroactive

19
Q

The naming of plants is independent of naming animals and other organisms

A

Principle of idependence

20
Q

Nomenclatural types

A

Principle II - Holotype, isotype, lectotype, neotype, syntype, paratype, kleptotype, boobootype

21
Q

Upon which a name is based originally used or designated at the time of publication

A

Holotype

22
Q

Duplicate of holotype (same time, collector and population)

A

Isotype

23
Q

Selected from original material to serve as the type when no holotype was designated or holotype is missing

A

Lectotype

24
Q

Derrived from nonoriginal material to serve as the type

A

Neotype

25
Q

Any specimen cited in the original work when a holotype was not designated; can be of 2 or more specimens

A

Syntype

26
Q

Specimen cited but not a holotype, iso or syn

A

Paratype

27
Q

First published name is priority

A

Priority

28
Q

Oldest published name is the correct one; publication should include descrip of taxon jn latin and author’s native language

A

Correct name

29
Q

Associating an unknown taxon with a known one; taxonomic key (consists of sequentially choosing among a list of possiblities)

A

Identification

30
Q

Series of two contrasting statements; couplets; lead each statement in the couplet

A

Dichotomous key

31
Q

Consists of a list of numerous character states whereby user selects all of states that match the specimen; computer algorithm

A

Polyclave key

32
Q

Advantages of polyclave key

A

Useful if specimen lacks one data, ID will be narrowed

33
Q

How to identify

A

Written descrip, specimen comparison, image conversion

34
Q

Listing of plant taxa in a given region accompanies by keys and secrip

A

Flora

35
Q

Detailed taxonomy study of all species of a taxonomic group

A

Monograph

36
Q

Repository of preserved plant colections

A

Herbarium

37
Q

Places

A

Phil national plants conservation society and co’s digital library

Biology20: Elementary Botany (Lecture) (13 decks)

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