Plant Systematics Flashcards
Science that includes traditional taxonomy and phylogeny
Systematics
Evolutionary history of life
Phylogenetic reconstruction
Four components of taxonomy
Description, classification, nomenclature, identification
Subjects under study; any group of organisms
Taxon
Assignment of features or attributes to a taxon, characters, tools for communication, categorizing and delimiting the attributed of a taxon (ex: petal color: blue)
Description
Characters contributing to the description
Taxonomic characters
Purpose of classifying
Put some order, better understanding of diversity, cataloging and expressing, grouping and ranking
Swedish botanist who developed binomial classification; uses two latin words to indicate the genus and species
Karl von linne; carolus linnaeus
Major means of classification
Phenetic and phylogenetic
Classification based on overall similarities; common to everyone
Phenetic
Classification based on evolutionary history or pattern of descent; represented in cladogram; evolution is a change from preexisting character to new character
Phylogenetic
Problem with phenetic class
Can be arbitrary
Phylogenetic tree; has lines for lineage or clades that denote descent; has branching- divergence from a common ancestor
Cladogram
Formal naming of taxa according to standardized system; international code of botanical nomenclature; taxon has one scientific name; binomial
Nomenclature
Underscored or italicized; generic name always capitalized; specific epithet not capitalized; species name binomial
Scientific names
Why use scientific names
Universal, common names are not consistent, tells nothing about rank, not all organisms have common name
ICBN
International code of binomial nomenclature
Principles of ICBN
Independence, type, priority, correct name, latinized, retroactive
The naming of plants is independent of naming animals and other organisms
Principle of idependence
Nomenclatural types
Principle II - Holotype, isotype, lectotype, neotype, syntype, paratype, kleptotype, boobootype
Upon which a name is based originally used or designated at the time of publication
Holotype
Duplicate of holotype (same time, collector and population)
Isotype
Selected from original material to serve as the type when no holotype was designated or holotype is missing
Lectotype
Derrived from nonoriginal material to serve as the type
Neotype
Any specimen cited in the original work when a holotype was not designated; can be of 2 or more specimens
Syntype
Specimen cited but not a holotype, iso or syn
Paratype
First published name is priority
Priority
Oldest published name is the correct one; publication should include descrip of taxon jn latin and author’s native language
Correct name
Associating an unknown taxon with a known one; taxonomic key (consists of sequentially choosing among a list of possiblities)
Identification
Series of two contrasting statements; couplets; lead each statement in the couplet
Dichotomous key
Consists of a list of numerous character states whereby user selects all of states that match the specimen; computer algorithm
Polyclave key
Advantages of polyclave key
Useful if specimen lacks one data, ID will be narrowed
How to identify
Written descrip, specimen comparison, image conversion
Listing of plant taxa in a given region accompanies by keys and secrip
Flora
Detailed taxonomy study of all species of a taxonomic group
Monograph
Repository of preserved plant colections
Herbarium
Places
Phil national plants conservation society and co’s digital library
