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Biology20: Elementary Botany (Lecture) > Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Photosynthesis stores _______

A

Energy of the sun

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2
Q

Photosynthesis involves _____ reaction while respiration involves _____ reaction.

A

Reduction, oxidation

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3
Q

Does photosynthesis recycle energy?

A

No

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4
Q

Self feeding organisms

A

Autotrophs

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5
Q

Two types of autotrophs

A

Photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs

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6
Q

Cannot make own food

A

Heterotrophs

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7
Q

Cellular energy; energy currency

A

ATP

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8
Q

Process of releasing atp’s energy

A

Phosphorylation

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9
Q

Cells use atp for

A

Active transport, movement, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, cellular respiration

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10
Q

A monosaccharide; C6H12O6; 90 times of atp

A

Glucose

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11
Q

Photosynthesis reactants

A

Water and CO2

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12
Q

Photosynthesis products

A

O2 and water and carbohydrates and starch

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13
Q

He concluded mass came from water

A

Van Helmont

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14
Q

He concluded plants releases O2 for burning (Candle in bell jar with mint)

A

Priestley

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15
Q

He experimented with sunlight and concluded light was necessary for oxygen

A

Ingenhousz

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16
Q

Proposed that plants can convert light into chemical energy

A

Julius Robert Mayer

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17
Q

They used isotopes to determine that oxygen comes from water

A

Samuel Ruben and Martin Kamen

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18
Q

He traced the path that Carbon takes to form glucose that does not require sunlight

A

Melvin Calvin - Calvin cycle; light independent reaction

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19
Q

Studied light independent reactions; first to describe Electron Transport Chain

A

Rudolph Marcus

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20
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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21
Q

Primary light absorbing pigment in autotrophs

A

Chlorophyll

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22
Q

Light energy unit

A

Photon

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23
Q

Light contains a mixture of wavelengths with diff colors. Yes or no?

A

Yes

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24
Q

Photons _____ electrons that then carries absorbed energy and moves to higher energy levels

A

Excites

25
Q

When a pigment absorbs light

A

It goes from ground state to excited/unstable state

26
Q

Two types of chlorophyll

A

Chlorophyll a and b

27
Q

Third type of chlorophyll is found where?

A

Dinoflagellates

28
Q

Reaction that occurs in thylakoid membrane; uses light; produces oxygen; adp to atp; nadp to nadph

A

Light dependent reaction

29
Q

Discivered first; almost completely chlorophyll a

A

Photosystem I

30
Q

Pathway 1; uses photosystem I, only atp

A

Cyclic electron flow

31
Q

Pathway 2; involves photosystem I and II; results in ATP and NADPH which will enter to Calvin cycle; water is hydrolyzed; O2 is formed and released

A

Noncyclic electron flow

32
Q

Light independent reaction

A

Calvin cycle

33
Q

Calvin cycle stages

A

Carbon fixation (CO2+RUBP), reduction (G3P), regeneration (RUBP)

34
Q

Enzyme

A

RuBISCO

35
Q

Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis

A

Amt of water, temperature, amt of light

36
Q

Alternative mechanism of carbon fixation during hot climates; plants close their stomata causin oxygen to build up

A

Photorespiration

37
Q

During photorespiration, it is used instead of CO2; it lessens photosynthetic rate

A

Oxygen

38
Q

They minimize cost of photorespiration by incorporating CO2 in four carbon compounds in mesophyll

A

C4 plants

39
Q

Four carbon compunds in c4 plants are exported to ______ where they release CO2 in calvin cycle

A

Bundle sheath cells

40
Q

C4 pathway

A

CO2- PEP- OAA- Malate- Deliver CO2 to Calvin

41
Q

C4 leaf anatomy

A

Photosynthetic cells (mesophl and bundle sheath), vein, stoma

42
Q

Opens their stomata at night; CO2 incorporates organic acids; closed stoma at day; CO2 is released for calvin cycle

A

CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) plants

43
Q

Example of C4 and CAM respectively

A

Sugarcane and pineapple

44
Q

Plants and animals use products of photosynthesis for

A

Metabolic fuel

45
Q

Reaction of cellular resp

A

C6H12O6 + O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

46
Q

It is when chemical bond energy in sugars is converted to ATP for metabolic reactions

A

Cellular respiration

47
Q

Breakdown of glucose begins here

A

Cytoplasm

48
Q

Two forms and pathways of cellular resp

A

Anaerobic and aerobic

49
Q

1st reaction/step in cellular resp; break 6 carbon glucose into pyruvate; yields 2 atp and 2 nadh

A

Glycolysis

50
Q

Type of cell resp that requires oxygen

A

Aerobic

51
Q

Set of reactions under aerobic

A

Krebs and electron transport chain

52
Q

Aerobic respiration occurs in

A

Mitochondria

53
Q

Completes breakdown of glucose by breaking pyruvate to end up in CO2 an H2O; produces NAH and FADH2; 2 more ATP

A

Krebs

54
Q

Like a staircase; form 32 atp; oxygen at bottom of staircase picks up electrons and becomes water

A

Electron transport chain

55
Q

Total atp in aerobic resp

A

2+2+32=36

56
Q

Type of cellular resp without or little oxygen

A

Anaerobic

57
Q

Total atp in anaerobic

A

2

58
Q

End products of anaerobic resp

A

Ethanol, lactic acid (muscle), CO2 (yeast, beer, bread)

Biology20: Elementary Botany (Lecture) (13 decks)

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