Stem Cells IV

Question 1

What component of the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes?

Answer 1

Acini

Question 2

What component of the pancreas secretes endocrine hormones?

Answer 2

Islet

Question 3

Which gene induces beta-cells of the pancreas?

Answer 3

PAX4

Question 4

What were the results of the transplantation of beta-cells derived from ESCs?

Answer 4

Reduction of blood glucose levels, reversing diabetic conditions in the mouse disease model
Proof that beta-cells produced from ESCs were functional

Question 5

High levels of nodal lead to (mesoderm/endoderm) and low levels of nodal lead to (mesoderm/endoderm)

Answer 5

Endoderm; mesoderm

Question 6

Cells that become endoderm emerge in the vicinity of the ________

Answer 6

Node

Question 7

Which genes are used to transform endoderm to pancreatic anlagen?

Answer 7

Hedgehog, activin, FGF

Question 8

Signals between which embryonic germ layer govern the identity and patterning of the pancreas?

Answer 8

Endoderm and mesoderm

Question 9

CYC is a ___________ signaling inhibitor

Answer 9

Hedgehog

Question 10

Sonic hedgehog is (activated/repressed) at the site of pancreas development in the endoderm

Answer 10

Repressed

Question 11

What represses Shh expression in the endoderm?

Answer 11

Notochord

Question 12

Ectopic Shh expression upon Notochord removal induces Shh expression in which region?

Answer 12

Dorsal endoderm

Question 13

What led to an organization of cells expressing Bf1?

Answer 13

Suspension cultures of aggregates of 3000 ESCs

Question 14

EBs made by quick aggregation were cultured in what solution?

Answer 14

ECM gel

Question 15

A reconstruction of tissue/organ ex vivo is referred to as?

Answer 15

An organoid

Question 16

An organoid brain is made from which cells?

Answer 16

iPSCs

Question 17

An organoid intestine is made from what cells?

Answer 17

Endogenous stem cells

Question 18

What is an advantage of iPSCs?

Answer 18

They can be derived from any cell type