Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT 381 Experimental Embryology > Epigenetics II: Histone Modifications > Flashcards

Epigenetics II: Histone Modifications Flashcards

1
Q

Position effect variegation in Drosophila is heritable gene silencing by (euchromatin/heterochromatin)

A

Heterochromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antennapedia is the loss of silencing of ________ genes at the wrong time in development

A

Hox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or false: There is DNA methylation in Drosophila

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the fundamental unit of chromatin structure?

A

Nucleosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

H3K4, H3K36 and H3K79 methylation are markers for (on/off) chromatin states

A

On

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

H3K9 and H3K27 methylation are markers for (on/off) chromatin states

A

Off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of histone modifications?

A

Acetylation of lysine side-chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the benefit of acetylation of the lysine side-chains?

A

Neutralizes positive charge and abrogates interaction with DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Histone acetylation correlates with what events?

A

Transcriptional activity and dynamic chromatin structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

(HDAC/HAT) enzymes are involved in transcriptional activity and (HDAC/HAT) is involved in repression

A

HAT; HDAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What domains bind to acetylated histones?

A

Bromodomains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Histone lysine methylation is catalyzed by enzymes containing a __________ domain

A

SET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is histone lysine de-methylated?

A

Oxidation of methyl lysine by LSD and JMJC enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

H3K9 methylation characterizes (facultative/constitutive) heterochromatin

A

Constitutive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

H3K27 methylation characterizes (facultative/constitutive) heterochromatin

A

Facultative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

SUV39H1, SETDB1 and GLP are histone methyltransferases that methylate (H3K9/H3K27)

A

H3K9

17
Q

EZH1 and EZH2 are histone methyltransferases that methylate (H3K9/H3K27)

A

H3K27

18
Q

Which heterochromatin protein bind to methylated K9?

A

HP1

19
Q

Which heterochromatin protein binds to methylated K27?

A

Polycomb

20
Q

Heterochromatin proteins share a domain. What is the domain?

A

Chromodomain

21
Q

What technique is used to map histone modifications and chromatin proteins on chromosomes?

A

ChIP-seq

22
Q

Endoderm specification depends on the (gain/loss) of H3K9me

A

Gain

23
Q

H3K9me3-dependent (facultative/constitutive) heterochromatin is essential for proper differentiation

A

Facultative

24
Q

Which family of proteins bind to H3K9me and mediate transcriptional repression?

A

HP1

25
Q

What properties of HP1 help create heterochromatin “foci” in cells?

A

Biophysical properties

26
Q

Silencing of which protein requires H3K27 methylation and is a specialized facultative heterochromatin system?

A

Polycomb

27
Q

In flies, what does a loss of PcG silencing cause?

A

Developmental transformations

28
Q

In mammals, loss of Polycomb proteins causes what?

A

Developmental phenotypes like gastrulation defects and neurological defects

29
Q

__________ is a H3K27 methyltransferase complex, with catalytic subunit EZH1/2, AEBP2 and JARID2 that bind to ubiquitylated H2A

A

PRC2

30
Q

___________ contains Cbx chromodomain proteins that bind to H3K27me mark, also contains RNF2 H2A monoubiquitylation enzyme

A

PRC1

31
Q

Repression function of H3K27me resides in (PRC1/PRC2)

A

PRC1

32
Q

Why is the Polycomb system important for oligodendrocyte differentiation?

A

PRC2 is important to repress signaling pathways that cause cell fate switch and allow myelination by oligodendrocytes
Knockout of Eed in OPCs prevent myelination and induce cell fate switch of OPCs to astrocytes

33
Q

Which of the following are ways for DNA/H3K9/HeK27 methyltransferases get to their target genes?
a. Interaction with other chromatin factors
b. Interaction with site-specific DNA-binding proteins
c. Polycomb interaction with coding RNA

A

a and b

34
Q

How is loop linking DNA methylation to H3K9me formed?

A

UHRF1 TTD domain binds to H3K9me and UHRF1 SRA domain binds to methyl CpG
UHRF1 and DNMT1 interact

35
Q

Methyl-DNA binding proteins like _________ form complexes with HDAC enzymes

A

MeCP1, MeCP2, MBD

ANAT 381 Experimental Embryology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions