Stem Cells I

Question 1

What are stem cells?

Answer 1

Self-renewing tissues/organs

Question 2

Stem cells are defined by _________

Answer 2

Function

Question 3

What are some examples of stem cells?

Answer 3

Skin, RBCs

Question 4

How often does cell turnover occur in the epithelium of small intestine?

Answer 4

Every 5 days

Question 5

Which tissue-specific adult stem cells are more commonly damaged by radiation?

Answer 5

Bone marrow, skin, testis, intestinal epithelium

Question 6

What are the three definitions of stem cells?

Answer 6

Self-renewal, differentiation, long-term activity

Question 7

Stem cells produce ________ cell populations

Answer 7

Clonal

Question 8

Which type of cells conduct tissue/organ-specific functions?

Answer 8

Terminally differentiated cells

Question 9

Lineage restriction is correlated with (differentiation/self-renewal) potential and mitotic catastrophe is correlated with (differentiation/self-renewal) potential

Answer 9

Differentiation; self-renewal

Question 10

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) represent what percentage of nucleated cells in marrow?

Answer 10

0.01%

Question 11

What percent of HSCs enter mitosis every day?

Answer 11

8%

Question 12

Match the definitions to their terms
a. They can generate all cell types in an organism, including placenta
b. These cells generate multiple cell types in one cell lineage
c. These cells produce only one type of terminally differentiated cells
d. These cells can generate all cell types in the body, excluding placenta

Answer 12

a. Totipotent
b. Multipotent
c. Unipotent
d. Pluripotent

Question 13

What are three physiological proofs of evidence that stem cells exist in the male germ line?

Answer 13

Life-long production of sperm after puberty
Continuous high-output sperm production
Regeneration

Question 14

What is spermatogonial transplantation?

Answer 14

Injecting donor sperm into the testis of a mouse to restore fertility of the male mouse

Question 15

What was the functional assay done for HSCs?

Answer 15

Damaged bone marrow so the stem cells die
Injected donor stem cells into mice that contained differentiated cells
After 10 weeks, they take the peripheral blood and observe whether the genotype of the donor is found in the cells
Stem cells are present if any of the three cell types are present (B, T or myeloid)

Question 16

Transplantation assay detects stem cells ___________

Answer 16

Retrospectively

Question 17

Where are neural stem cells located?

Answer 17

Subventricular zone

Question 18

What are the conditions for the culture of SVZ-derived cells?

Answer 18

Serum free and EGF and/or FGF2

Question 19

What is the result of the culture of SVZ-derived cells?

Answer 19

The production of neurosphere

Question 20

NSCs differentiate into what cell types?

Answer 20

Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, neurons

Question 21

Which culture conditions allow the NSCs to adhere to the dish?

Answer 21

1% serum and ECM with no growth factors

Question 22

How is selecting stem cells using a marker done?

Answer 22

A mixture of original donor cells are tagged with an antibody for their cell surface antigen
The cells are separated based on their type
They are transplanted into an organism

Question 23

The marker expression must correlate with stem cell __________, measured by a functional assay

Answer 23

Activity

Question 24

How can we pull down antigen-expressing cells?

Answer 24

Immunomagnetic cell sorting (MACS) and FACS

Question 25

(Normal/mutant) breast stem cells express CD24 and (normal/mutant) breast stem cells do not express CD24

Answer 25

Mutant; normal

Question 26

True or false: All cells that express stem cell markers are stem cells

Answer 26

False

Question 27

A microenvironment surrounding stem cells, involved in regulation of stem cell fate control, is called?

Answer 27

Stem cell niche

Question 28

What does Drosophila GSC asymmetric cell division involve?

Answer 28

Growth factors, adherens junction and centromeres