Stem Cells I Flashcards
What are stem cells?
Self-renewing tissues/organs
Stem cells are defined by _________
Function
What are some examples of stem cells?
Skin, RBCs
How often does cell turnover occur in the epithelium of small intestine?
Every 5 days
Which tissue-specific adult stem cells are more commonly damaged by radiation?
Bone marrow, skin, testis, intestinal epithelium
What are the three definitions of stem cells?
Self-renewal, differentiation, long-term activity
Stem cells produce ________ cell populations
Clonal
Which type of cells conduct tissue/organ-specific functions?
Terminally differentiated cells
Lineage restriction is correlated with (differentiation/self-renewal) potential and mitotic catastrophe is correlated with (differentiation/self-renewal) potential
Differentiation; self-renewal
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) represent what percentage of nucleated cells in marrow?
0.01%
What percent of HSCs enter mitosis every day?
8%
Match the definitions to their terms
a. They can generate all cell types in an organism, including placenta
b. These cells generate multiple cell types in one cell lineage
c. These cells produce only one type of terminally differentiated cells
d. These cells can generate all cell types in the body, excluding placenta
a. Totipotent
b. Multipotent
c. Unipotent
d. Pluripotent
What are three physiological proofs of evidence that stem cells exist in the male germ line?
Life-long production of sperm after puberty
Continuous high-output sperm production
Regeneration
What is spermatogonial transplantation?
Injecting donor sperm into the testis of a mouse to restore fertility of the male mouse
What was the functional assay done for HSCs?
Damaged bone marrow so the stem cells die
Injected donor stem cells into mice that contained differentiated cells
After 10 weeks, they take the peripheral blood and observe whether the genotype of the donor is found in the cells
Stem cells are present if any of the three cell types are present (B, T or myeloid)
Transplantation assay detects stem cells ___________
Retrospectively
Where are neural stem cells located?
Subventricular zone
What are the conditions for the culture of SVZ-derived cells?
Serum free and EGF and/or FGF2
What is the result of the culture of SVZ-derived cells?
The production of neurosphere
NSCs differentiate into what cell types?
Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, neurons
Which culture conditions allow the NSCs to adhere to the dish?
1% serum and ECM with no growth factors
How is selecting stem cells using a marker done?
A mixture of original donor cells are tagged with an antibody for their cell surface antigen
The cells are separated based on their type
They are transplanted into an organism
The marker expression must correlate with stem cell __________, measured by a functional assay
Activity
How can we pull down antigen-expressing cells?
Immunomagnetic cell sorting (MACS) and FACS
(Normal/mutant) breast stem cells express CD24 and (normal/mutant) breast stem cells do not express CD24
Mutant; normal
True or false: All cells that express stem cell markers are stem cells
False
A microenvironment surrounding stem cells, involved in regulation of stem cell fate control, is called?
Stem cell niche
What does Drosophila GSC asymmetric cell division involve?
Growth factors, adherens junction and centromeres
