STDs Flashcards
STI vs STD
STI: infections from sexual contact and microorganisms, most readily cured
STD: conditions that cannot be readily cured
viral STD/Is
HPV
herpes simplex virus 1 & 2
bacterial STD/I
vaginosis epididymitis chlamydia gonorrhea syphilis pelvic inflammatory disease
parasites STD/Is
trichomoniasis
pediculosis pubis
HPV
most prevalent
high risk (16,18,31,33,45,52,58) vs low risk (usually warts) 6,11
s/s: most asymptmatic vs genital warts (16/18)
HPV TX
prevention: vaccine .5% podophyllotoxin solution/gel appliced twice daily for 3 days followed by 4 days w/out imiquimod 5% cream cryotherapy liquid nitrogen
herpes simplex virus types
orofacial: pain/burning>papule>vesicle
genital: pain/fever/malaise>vesicles
primary: painful, erythema/vesicles/lmphadenopathy
secondary&recurring: not as painful/extensive
neonatal: encephalitis/blindness/high-mortality
chlamydia
caused by chlamydia trachomatis
high rate at birth transmission (causes pneumonia/conjuncitivits)
most common and usually ofund w/ gonorrhea
in columnar epithelial cells
chlamydia s/s
usually asymptomatic
males: dysuria/yellow urethral drainage
females: vaginal discharge, abn vaginal bleeding, dysuria, painful intercourse
chalmydia complications
women: pelvic inflam disease, infertility ectopic pregnancy
men: reiter syndrome (conjuncitivitis/urethritis/arthritis)
neonate: conjunctivitis
chlamydia DX & TX
urine, vaginal/urethra swabs
TX: azithromycin or doxycycline
gonorrhea
can also attach to sperm
gonorrhea s/s
can be asymp
males: dysuria, purulent penile discharge, can more to prostate/epididiymis
females: dysuria, purulent vaginal discharge, painful intercourse, can move to fallopian tubes (infertility)
gonorrhea can
invade bloodstream and become systematic
gonorrhea DX & TX
nucleic acid amplified swab, urine, swabs
all partners treated, IM ceftriaxone and PO azithromycin
syphilis
treponema pallidium
spirochets rapidly disseminate systemically to blood& lymphatics
incubation about 3 weeks
w/out treatment: primary, secondary, latent, tertiay stages > death
can be transmitted across placenta
during incubation spirochetes penetrate CNS = inflammatory response
syphilis primary s/s
lesion or chancre (painless)
reginal lymphadenopathy
lesions disappears around 3 months w/ or w/out treatment and may go unnoticed
syphilis secondary s/s
alopecia fever arthralgia lymphadenopathy rash (soles of feet/hands of palms)
syphilis tertiary s/s
damage of arterial lining & nervous system impacts brain, meninges, spinal cord multiple organ lesions (gummas) aortic aneurysm meningitis confusion visual disturbances hearing loss
syphilis DX and TX
VDRL, RPR, treponema pallidum antibody IgG
TX: all partners, IM penicilin (or cephalosporin & erythromycin)
syphilis congenital
late abortion/stillbirth
infantile: rash/osteochonritis, periositis, liver/lung fibrosis
childhood: interstitial keratisis, hutchinson teeth, eighth nerve deafness
trichomoniasis
increased risk for devloping HIV
usually w/ other STIs
tichomoniasis s/s
usually asym
female: vulvar itching, burning, soreness, redness, frothy white, gray-green/yellow discharge, musty/fish smelling discharge, dysuria, dysparenuia
strawberry cervix: cervical petechia/friable cervix
males: purulent discharge, dysuria, testicular pain, lower ab pain
trichomoniasis DX & TX
microscopy, pH testing
oral metronidazole
pediculosis pubis
pthirus pubis crabs/pubic lice lives outside body (ectoparasite) female lays 3-6 eggs daily nits (eggs) attach to hair shafts or clothing fibers
pediculosis pubis s/s
pruritus
excoriation from itching
maculae ceruleae: bluish-gray macule on skin from louse bite
pediculosis pubis DX & TX
microscope
permethrin (1%) lotion, second treatment 9 days after first to kill new nits, all clothing/linen washed in hot water, if can’t be washed: throw away/freezer for 2 weeks
pelvic inflammatory disease
infection ascends thru uterus to Fallopian tubes & ovary
PID s/s
inflammation causes: pain in lower ab/back/cervix purulent drainage fever increased WBC increased C-reactive protein
PID DX & TX
gyn exam > cervical motion tenderness
TX for gonorrhea & chlamydia
