Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 2 > Integument: Acute Conditions > Flashcards

Integument: Acute Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

infectious

A

bacterial: boils, impetigo, infected hair follicles
fungal: ringworm, athlete’s foot, jock itch, nail infection
parasitic: ticks, mites, lice
viral: cold sores, fever blisters (herpes simplex), chicken pox, warts (HPV til proven otherwise), shingles (herpes zoster), measles (rubeola), german measles (rubella)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

inflammatory

A 
injury from sun exposure
combo of overactive glands, increased hormones, infection (acne, rosacea)
disorders w/ itching cracking/discomfort: 
atropic dermatitis
contact dermatits
seborrheic dermatitis
stasis dermatitis
psoriasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bacterial skin infections

A

occur when break in skin’s defenses
most common: staphylococcus, streptococcus
many mild/slef-lmiting
serious = deep/systemic (require oral/parenteral ABX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fungal skin infections

A 
tinea pedis (athlete's foot) tinea cruris (jock itch) tinea capitis (ringworm of scalp) tinea unguium (nails )
TX w/ opical antifungals
in immunocompromised patients = serious (require oral/parenteral antifungals)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

viral skin infections

A

child hood: varicella, rubeola, rubella (koplik spots in mouth)
adult: (erpes zoster (shingles) herpes simplex (cold sores/genital lesions)
TX: topical/oral antiviral therapy w/ acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cellulitis

A

diffuse painful inflam of skin/subcutaneous layers
break in skin from injury
most common from: streptococcus/staphylococcus MRSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cellulitis RF

A 
athletes
children
residents of long-term care facilities
IV drug users
prior MRSA exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cellulitis s/s

A 
painful, red, swollen area of skin
hot
tender to touch
fever & chills
vesicles, bullae, plaques (w/ staphylococcus)
tachycardia
hypotension 
confusion 
headache
lymphadenitis
lymphangitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cellulitis DX

A

physical exam
cultures
blood tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cellulitis TX

A

manage/prevent spread of infection
topical/oral/IV ABX
pain meds
teaching: TX/prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

impetigo

A 
acute highly contagious skin infection 
nonbullous impetigo (impetigo contagiosa) [smaller blisters] vs bullous impetigo [large blisters]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

impetigo etiology

A

group A strep & staphylococcus aureus (staph)
enter skin > create pus-filled blister that bursts and leaves crust
colinization ^ by high temp, humidity, preexisting skin disorders, young age and recent ABX use
transmission is rapid, must be treated quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

impetigo s/s

A

red pimples
fluid-filled blisters
oozing rash w/ yellow crusts (honey-crusted lesions)
bacteria live under crust/in blisters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

impetigo DX and TX

A

physical exam, culture

TX: prescription ointments, oral ABX, teaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

folliculitis

A

inflammation of hair follicle
can be infectious (bac/virus/fungi/parasite)
noninfectious (trauma, inflamm, damaged/blocked follicles) or autoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

folliculitis s/s

A

puritus
burning
mild discomfort
multiple, small papules/pustules w/ a red base around hair follicle, break/crust over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

folliculitis DX/TX

A

based on s/s

TX depends on etiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

furuncles

A

boil

extension of folliculitis or infection of sebaceous gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

carbuncle

A

cluster of infected hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

furnucles/carbuncle patho

A

primary S. aureous & MRSA
F: infection spreads down hair shaft thru follicle and into dermis
C: cluster coalesces to form lesion filled w/ pus, dead tissue, fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

furuncles & carbuncles s/s

A

area firm/red/painful
tips white
purulent drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

furuncles & carbuncles DX/TX

A 
exam, culture
TX: moist head
oral ABX
incision/drainage 
hygiene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

candidiasis

A

infection of skin/mucous membranes with any species of candida
mouth, throat, lungs, vagina, folds of skin, bowel
usually secondary condition
candida is normal but warmth/moisture/breaks in epidermis can cause infection
life-threatening if in bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

candidiasis s/s

A

thrush: white covering tongue, mouth, throat
vaginal: itching, foul odor, white discharge
balanitis: flattened pustules, edema, burning, tenderness
diaper rash: dark red patches in skin folds, fluid-filled spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
candidiasis Dx/Tx
physical exam skin scraping | antifungal drugs
26
tinea
``` ringworm contagious (different types of fungi) superficial infections (dermatophytoses) named by location on body spread by direct contact thrive in warm, damp environments ```
27
tinea s/s
``` scaly plaque with erythema crust papules vesicles bullae ```
28
tinea DX
``` skin scrapings fungal culture polymerase chain reaction assay skin biopsy wood light exam ```
29
tinea TX
OTC | prescription meds
30
contact dermaitis
inflam/irritation of skin (hypersensitivity response) caused by contact w/ irirtant or allergen irritants 80% of cases, allergic (immune response)
31
contact dermatitis s/s (irritant vs allergic)
irritant: hyperemia, itching, skin lesions, vesicular/pustular skin eruptions, itching allergic: weeping vesicles, hives, itching
32
contact dermatitis DX/TX
full exam/history "use" test, skin biopsy | TX: avoidance of cause, OTC meds, home remedies, witch hazel cream, st. John's wort
33
seborrheic dermatitis
chronic skin inflam w/ exacerbations and remissions | papulosquamous disorder on sebum glands
34
seborrheic dermatitis s/s
rounded/irregular/circular lesions w/ yellow/brown-gray greasy scales itching
35
seborrheic dermatitis DX/TX
skin biopsy, fungal culture TX: ketoconazole, naftifine, ciclopirox creams, gels calcineurin inhibitors, sulfur or sulfonamide combos, propylene glycol
36
seborrheic dermatitis locations
head, ears, third eye, around nose, under boobs, bellybutton, pubic areas, asscrack
37
exfoliative dermatitis
widespread skin inflamm from preexisting skin disorders, drugs, cancer or unknown
38
exfoliative dermatitis s/s
``` erythematous and scaly patches that spread pruritus malaise chills ```
39
exfoliative dermatitis DX/TX
``` dermatologist, skin biopsy ketoconanzole naftifine ciclopirox creams/gels calcineurin inhibitors sulfur/sulfonamide combos propylene glycol ```
40
urticaria
hives welts on skin that often itch acute urticaria more common than chronic urticaria
41
urticaria causes
``` reactions to drugs contact w/ allergens exposure to water emotional stimuli physical stimuli etc ```
42
urticaria patho
IgE releases histamine, bradykinin, leukotrienes, prostaglandins causes extravasation of plasma into dermis
43
urticaria s/s
sudden appearance of pale wheals or papules that cause severe itching
44
urticaria DX/TX
``` allergy testing, skin biopsy antihistamines calamine lotion cortisone creams (itching) topical emollients/aluminum acetate (dry skin) ```
45
lichen planus
noncontagious inflammatory disorder of skin, mouth, nails, scalp, mucous membranes unknown cause, may be allergic or autoimmune response
46
lichen planus s/s
slow/quick onset rash w/ flat-topped, firm, reddish to purple bumps w/ symmetrical sides & sharp border wickham striae itching
47
lichen planus DX/TX
skin biopsy and lab work TX: might not be needed, no cure oral antihistamines, corticosteroids, retinoic acid, PUVA therapy
48
necrotizing fasciitis
"flesh-eating disorder" rapidly spreading infection caused by bacteria caused by a mix of aerobic/anaerobic organisms start from contagious ulcer/wound/untreated skin infection comp of surgery/abscess occlusion of small subQ vessels = tissue ischemia > infarction > necrosis
49
necrotizing fasciitis s/s
``` skin red/hot/swollown malodorous pain speticemia gangrene ```
50
necrotizing fasciitis TX
``` ABX surgical debridement pain control amputation of limbs hyperbaric oxygen ```
51
toxic epidermal necrolysis
inflammation of skin caused by poison w/ spots = widespread w/ detachment of epidermis/eorsion (30%) w/out spots = erythema no lesions (10%)
52
toxic epidermal necrolysis etiology
rxn to drugs/bacterial infection/malginancy/graft-versus-host disease vaccinations
53
toxic epidermal necrolysis s/s
``` flulike symptoms rash large blisters in center rash ruptures skin peels off ```
54
toxic epidermal necrolysis DX and TX
HX (including when drug started symptom onset), amount of body-surface area affected, macules TX: discontinuation of offending drug, supportive care
55
SJS
rare disorder cell death causes epidermis to separate from dermis milder TEN can be caused by 200 meds/infectious causes/delayed hypersensitive rxn
56
SJS s/s
flulike symptoms symmetric burning rash red, purple target lesions
57
SJS TX
``` stop all non-essential meds fluid replacement nutrition wound & eye care pain meds antihistamines ABX topical steroids ```
58
Bee & Wasp Stings
vespids vs apids females have the sting/venom human body releases histamine in response to venom (venoms contain hyaluronidase that causes it to spread)
59
bee/wasp sting s/s
``` swelling redness itching mild pain anaphylactic rxn ```
60
bee/wasp stings TX
remove stinger apply cool compress immediately to site oral/topical antihistamines, analgesics emergency management of anaphylaxis
61
tick bites
blood sucking arachnids (parasites) embed head into skin and grow as they feed RF: outdoor activities, contact w/ animals
62
tick bites s/s
allergy: rxn associated disease: flulike symptoms, rash over entire body, neck stiffness, swollen lymph nodes lyme disease: red bump w/ ringed red rash resembling bullseye, fever, HA, fatigue rocky mountain spotted fever: dots on ankles & wrists
63
tick bites TX
``` remove tick with tweezers swab bite w/ alcohol if severe = topical antihistamines/corticosteroids calamine lotion & benzocaine spray ice pack tests for tick disease acute lyme disease = ABX ```
64
pediculosis
``` lice infestation of parts of body/clothing with lice eggs/larvae/adults pediculosis humanus capitis pediculosis humanus corporis pthiriasis most do not cause disease ```
65
pediculosis s/s
pruritus itching/sores from scratching visable body lice in crevices/skin folds
66
prediculosis DX
s/s of nits | wood lamp, yllow-green fluorescence of lice/nits
67
pediculosis tx
pediculicides nit comb wash clothes & linens
68
scabies
intense pruritic rash caused by a mite very contatious via upholstery/linens sarcoptes scabei burrous into skin adn lays eggs
69
scabies s/s DX TX
rash & itching physical exam/skin scraping TX: antiscabies meds, antihistamine
70
permethrin
antiparasitic (scabicide, pediculicide) kills parasites as a cream/lotion (1% = lice, 5% = mites) should remain on hair/scalp 10 min b4 removal mites itching 2-3 wks even after cure SE: few systemic effects, local rxn: pruritis/rash/transient tingling/burning/stinging/erythema/edema contra: premature infants, <2 yrs, skin with abrasions/rash/inflammation, cautions over inflamed skin, asthma, lactating women B
71
acne vulgaris
formation of comedones, papules, pustules, nodoules, cysts when hair follicles/sebaceous glands become inflammed due to obstruction 80% adolescents & over 30 noniflammatory vs inflammatory vs mixed
72
acne vulgaris causes
seborrhea: overproduction of sebum by oil glands abnormal formation of keratin that blocks oil glands androgens: stimulate sebum production
73
acne vulgaris TX
OTC: benzoyl peroxide | prescriptive TX: tretinoin, oral contraceptives, ABX
74
rosacea
progressive disorder onsent 30-50 yrs unknown cause various triggers (stress, hot drinks, spicy food, heat, exercise, vasodilating drugs etc)
75
rosacea s/s
small papules w/out pus flushed face around nose/cheeks soft tissue of nose may swell (rhinophyma) chronic red rash involving central part of face (recurring, persistent, transient) telangiectasia swollen red, eye problems enlarged nose
76
rosacea RF
female/fair-skinned >30 smoking family history
77
rosacea TX
``` skin care ABX retinoids cosmetic procedures gentle massage ```
78
tretinoin
anti-acne decreases comedone formation & increases extrusion of comedones 4-8 wks to improve, 5-6 mo for max benefit SE: redness, scaling, erythema, crusting/peeling of skin, high doses: bone pain/fever/HA/n/v/rash/stomatitis/pruritus/sweating/ocular disorders BBW: off-label TX for acute promyelocytic leukemia = birth defects if PO contra: avoid OTCacne meds causing excessive drying of skin, direct exposur to sunglight/UV lamps, do not admin if allergic to fish interx: tetracylcines flurquinolones sulfonamides (phototoxicity) C (topcial) oral (D)
79
isotretinoin
anti acne TX severe, scarring acne that's unresponsive SE: dry skin & mucous membranes BBW: must register w/ iPLEDGE program/familiar w/ drug's toxicity before use, need pregnancy testing throughout/contraception can't donate blood contra: HX depression, suicidal ideation, pregnancy, patients sign consent regarding suicide risk, vitamin A allergy interx: tetracyclines, vit A, st. john's wort X
80
brittle nails
easily crack/chip/split/peel | onychoschizia: brittle/soft nails w/ splitting
81
brittle nail causes
``` aging long-term nail polish use exposure to moisture/dryness disease chemo chemical ```
82
brittle nail prevention
keep nails short avoid nail polish remover w/ acetone use gloves to avoid getting wet use emollients
83
nail infections
onchymycosis (fungal) yeasts molds
84
nail infection s/s
white, yellow spot under tip of nail appears dull/distorted/thickens pain and ordor
85
nail infection RF
``` nail injury or surgery diabetes weakened immune system blood circulatory problems athlete's foot ```
86
nail infections TX
oral antifungals laser & light-based therapies ultrasound
87
nail trauma/loss
cut, torn smashed nail crushing = subungual hematoma nail lifts completely from bed RF: diabetes, circulatory problems, AIDS, chemo
88
nail trauma/loss s/s and TX
pain, bleeding swelling, warmth | dressing, stitches, ABX

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 2 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions