Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards
1
Q
Hypernatremia S/S
A
thirst fatigue weakness muscle twitching convulsions altered mental status decreased LOC
2
Q
Hypernatremia TX
A
low salt diet
hypotonic IV (if hypovolemic
diuretics (if hypervolemic)
ADH for DI
3
Q
F.R.I.E.D
A
fever/flushed skin restless increased fluid retention and BP edma Decreased urine output/dry mouth
4
Q
Hyponatremia s/s
A
nausea vomiting anorexia ab cramping oliguria confusion lethargy convulsions coma muscle twitching tremors
5
Q
Hyponatremia TX
A
diuretics, PO/IV fluids w/ Na
0.9 NaCL or 3% NaCl (severe)
6
Q
Hyperkalemia s/s
A
dysrhythmias heart block muscle twitching fatigue paresthesia dyspnea cramping diarrhea
7
Q
Hyperkalemia TX
A
restrict dietary decrease K sparing diuretics glucose/insulin IV calcium gluconate Kayexalate/Sorbitol hypotonic fluids
8
Q
Hypokalemia s/s
A
muscle weakness lethargy anorexia dysrhthmias cardiac arrest
9
Q
Hypokalemia TX
A
increase dietary
PO
IV w/ K (KCl)
10
Q
Hypercalcemia s/s
A
anorexia nausea fatigue constipation dehydration polyuria EKG changes heart block
11
Q
Hypercalcemia Tx
A
Hypotonic fluids
Biphosphonates
Calcitonin
12
Q
Hypocalcemia s/s
A
muscle cramps/spasms convulsions tetany \+ Chvostek (cheek twitch) \+Trosseau arrhythmias dysrhthmias (torsades)
13
Q
Hypocalcemia TX
A
calcium carbonate w/ Vitamin D (PO)
ACUTE: Calcium glucnate/Calcium chloride
14
Q
Hyperphosphatemia s/s
A
tetany muscle cramps muscle twitching tachycardia dysrhythmias arrythmias cardiac conduction problems
15
Q
Hyperphosphatemia TX
A
dietary restriction vitamin D Binding agents to remove dietary phosphate calcium carbonate (tums) calcium acetate (phoslo) aluminum-based antacids
16
Q
Hypophosphatemia s/s
A
acute: confusion seizures coma dysphasia respiratory muscle weakness chronic: memory loss lethargy weakness joint stiffness
17
Q
Hypophosphatemia TX
A
increase dietary –> oral supplements –> IV phosphate
18
Q
Chloride Imbalances Hyper vs Hypo
A
Alkalosis vs Acidosis
19
Q
Bicarbonate Imbalances Hypo vs Hyper
A
alkalosis vs acidosis
